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Honors Bio Ch12/13

DNA, RNA, and Protein

TermDefinition
rRNA RNA that serves as a structural part of the ribosome
Transcription Synthesis of RNA from DNA
Translation Protein synthesis from an mRNA template
Promoter Specific DNA sequence bound by RNA polymerase to initiate transcription
Intron Non-coding portion of a gene removed by RNA splicing
Exon Amino acid-coding portion of a gene found in mRNA
Codon 3-base mRNA sequence that specifies an amino acid
Anticodon 3-base tRNA sequence that base-pairs with mRNA codons
Operon Cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid; stores genetic information
Base-pairing Formation of hydrogen bonds between A and T or G and C
DNA replication Process in which DNA is copied in preparation for cell division
Polymerase Enzyme that synthesizes nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA
Helicase Enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix at replication forks
Telomeres Tips of eukaryotic chromosomes consisting of short, repeated DNA sequences
Mutation Change in a DNA sequence
RNA Ribonucleic acid; carries genetic information
mRNA RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes; contains the instructions for protein synthesis
tRNA RNA that matches amino acids to the correct codons during translation
Okazaki fragment Short segment of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication
Created by: KES-HFHS
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