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parent/child: ch 44
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cancer diagnosis | Biopsy, PET scan, labs (CBC), lumbar puncture, CT, & MRI |
| Treatment & side effects | Chemo & radiation Side effects: skin irritation (*burns), nausea, & vomiting |
| Leukemia | Broad term given to a group of malignant diseases of the bone marrow, blood, & lymphatic system. In acute leukemias, immature cells that cannot function effectively predominate. |
| Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) | The most common form of childhood cancer; peak age of onset is between 2 & 3 yrs old; s/s: pale, listless, irritable, febrile, anorexic, & pain in hips/joints because there’s not enough room in the bone marrow |
| Three main consequences of bone marrow infiltration | 1) anemia from decreased erythrocytes 2) infection from neutropenia 3) bleeding from decreased platelet production |
| Principal sites of tissue involvement in Leukemia | ***Chart on pg. 1316*** |
| Diagnostic evaluation for Leukemia | CBC with differential, blood chemistries, & bone marrow aspiration or biopsy. Definitive diagnosis is based on analysis of the bone marrow sample. An LP is performed to determine whether there is any CNS involvement |
| Therapeutic management of Leukemia | Chemo & radiation (4 standard types of treatment: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy with stem cell transplant, & targeted therapy) |
| Nursing care for Leukemia | The nurse’s role is one of continual support (ex: secondary complications that necessitate supportive physical care & bone marrow aspiration or biopsy & LP can be traumatic for the child), guidance, clarification, & clinical judgement |
| Hodgkin vs. Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas | Hodgkin: prognosis is excellent; only in 1 area; characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells Non-Hodgkins: generally considered widespread at diagnosis Treatment for both: Chemo & radiation |
| Chemo precautions | Gloves Radiation gown Brown bags |
| Patient education | No uncooked/uncleaned fruits & meats No crowds No live plants No pregnancy |
| Wilms tumor | Kidney tumor |
| S/S of a Wilms tumor | The most common presenting sign is swelling or mass within the abdomen; the mass is characteristically firm, nontender, confined to one side, & deep within the flank; typically discoverable during routine bathing or dressing of the child; hematuria |
| Wilms tumor diagnostic evaluation | Hx & physical examination (congenital anomalies, a family hx of cancer, & clinical signs), abdominal imaging studies (abdominal x-ray, ultrasound, CT or MRI of the abdomen), & urinalysis |
| Wilms tumor staging | Stage I: localized to one kidney Stage V: indication of bilateral involvement by tumor |
| Wilms tumor therapeutic management | Combined treatment with surgery (***within 24 - 48 hours of admission***) & chemotherapy |
| Nursing care of patient with a Wilms tumor | Do not palpate the abdomen, careful bathing & handling, quick preoperative care, & postoperative monitoring of bowel movements, bowel sounds, distention, vomiting, & urine |
| Wilms tumor prognosis | Survival in children & not in adults |
Created by:
tatianalopez03
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