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AHIII - chapter 37
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Red blood cells | Low H&H = anemic (precautions pertaining to diet, exercise, & safety) |
| White blood cells | Probs with infection = neutropenic precautions (No raw fruits/veggies, no live plants, isolation, & proper hygiene) |
| Platelets | Bleeding precautions (Soft toothbrush, fall precautions, no enemas/tampons/things of that nature, & no straining/force) |
| Pancytopenia | Problems with the panel of cells |
| Polycythemia vera | Too many RBCs = thick blood = blood gets stuck while traveling -> clotting disorders; treatment: remove blood & throw it away, aspirin or anticoagulants, hydrations, support stocking, or hydroxyurea |
| Polycythemia vera teaching | Pg. 802 |
| Leukemia | Uncontrolled production of immature WBC; diagnosis: bone marrow biopsy; *pancytopenia occurs;* treatment: bone marrow transplant |
| Nursing problem of leukemia | 1) Risk for infection (Ex: patient will come in with infection and labs will be drawn -> notice elevated WBCs -> diagnosis) 2) Fatigue (from anemia) 3) Risk for injury (from platelets) |
| Conserving energy | Pg. 811 |
| Lymphoma | Cancer of the lymph tissue; treatment: chemo & radiation |
| Hodgkin’s vs. non-hodgkin’s lymphoma | Hodgkin’s: spreads in orderly fashion, better prognosis, & *Reed-sternberg cells; Non-hodgkin’s: doesn’t spread in orderly fashion & poor prognosis |
| Multiple myeloma | Bones become brittle; cause is unknown; the patient usually first notices fatigue, easy bruising, & bone pain; progress is being made on therapy |
| Transfusion therapy | Pg. 817 |
| Blood transfusion | 2-person verification, setup: specific tubing, pump, & filter; ONLY FLUID THAT CAN BE USED IS NORMAL SALINE - always have separate primed bag available |
| Acute transfusion reactions | STOP TRANSFUSION ASAP IF ANY TYPE OF REACTION OCCURS - STAY WITH PATIENT FOR FIRST 15 MIN |
| Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) | Can occur when a blood product is infused too quickly, especially in an older adult; only reaction that we don’t stop, but just slow down & give diuretics |
| What size needle for blood transfusions? | No larger than a 19-gauge |
| A+ blood type | A+, A-, O+, O- |
| A- | A-, O- |
| B+ | B+, B-, O-, O+ |
| B- | B-, O- |
| AB+ | Universal recipient |
| O+ | O+, O- |
| O- | O- |
Created by:
tatianalopez03
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