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Hannah's Stack
Apologia Biology Module 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Absorption | The transport of dissolved substances into cells. |
| Digestion | The breakdown of absorbed substances. |
| Respiration | The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy. |
| Excretion | The removal of soluble waste materials. |
| Egestion | The removal of nonsoluble waste materials. |
| Secretion | The release of biosynthesized substances. |
| Homeostasis | Maintaining the status quo. |
| Reproduction | Producing more cells. |
| Cytology | The study of cells. |
| Cell Wall | A rigid structure on the outside of some cells, usually plant and bacteria cells. |
| Middle lamella | The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells. |
| Plasma membrane | The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell's surroundings. |
| Cytoplasm | A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended. |
| Cytoplasmic streaming | The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell's contents. |
| Mitochondria | The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy. |
| Lysosome | The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids. |
| Ions | Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons. |
| Ribosomes | Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis. |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell. |
| Rough ER | ER that is dotted with ribosomes. |
| Smooth ER | ER that has no ribosomes. |
| Leucoplasts | Organelles that store starches or oils. |
| Chromoplasts | Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis. |
| Central vacuole | A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes |
| Waste vacuoles | Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion. |
| Phagocytosis | The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells. |
| Phagocytic vacuole | A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs. |
| Pinocytic vesicle | Vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules. |
| Secretion vesicle | Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released. |
| Golgi bodies | The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell. |
| Microtubules | Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure. |
| Nuclear membrane | A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. |
| Chromatin | Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell. |
| Cytoskeleton | A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement. |
| Microfilaments | Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton. |
| Intermediate filaments | Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments. |
| Phospholipid | A lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that contains a phosphate group. |
| Passive transport | |
| Active transport | Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically opposite the dictates of osmosis of diffusion) aided by a process that requires energy. |
| Isotonic solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution. |
| Hypertonic solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution. |
| Plasmolysis | Collapse of a walled cell's cytoplasm due to lack of water. |
| Cytolysis | The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure. |
| Hypotonic solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution. |
| Activation energy | Energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going. |
| What are the four stages of cellular respiration in order? | Glycolysis, Formation of acetyl coenzyme A, the Krebs cycle, and the Electron transport system. |
| What stages in the process of aerobic respiration make it an aerobic process? | |
| What helps the cell hold its shape if it does not have a cell wall? | The cytoskeleton |
| How does a plant cell fight osmosis in a hypotonic solution? | |
| A cell contains centrioles and lysosomes. Is it a plant or animal cell? | |
| What organelles are involved in secretion? (After the product is made) | |
| What are the eleven major tasks cells must perform? | |
| What is the plasma membrane made of? | |
| What is the difference between a phospholipid and a regular lipid? | |
| What makes it possible for the plasma membrane to self-assemble? | |
| If a cell dies by implosion, what kind of solution (isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic) was it in? | |
| What is the ATP's purpose in the cell? | |
| A scientist determines a means to extract all ADP from a cell. Why will this kill the cell? | |
| What organelle is responsible for breaking polysaccharides into monosaccharides? |
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HLup2nogood
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