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2:1-2:3 Vocab sheets
2:1-2:3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A force acting on rock to change its shape or volume. | stress |
| Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions | shearing |
| Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks | compression |
| Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle. | tension |
| A change in the volume or shape of Earth’s crust. | deformation |
| A deformation in earth outer layer where slabs of/an rocks go past each other. | fault |
| A fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up-or-down motion. | strike-slip fault |
| A fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust. | normal fault |
| The block of rock that lies above a fault line. | hanging wall |
| The block of rock that lies below the fault line. | footwall |
| A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward. | reverse fault |
| A mountain that forms where a normal fault uplifts a block of rock. | fault-block mountain |
| A bend in rock that forms where part of Earth’s crust is compressed. | fold |
| An upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth’s crust. | anticline |
| A downward fold in rock formed by compression in Earth’s crust. | syncline |
| A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level. | plateau |
| The point beneath Earth’s surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake. | focus |
| Point on the Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake’s focus | epicenter |
| vibrations that travel through the earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake | seismic waves |
| (P=Primary) A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground. It is the fastest seismic wave. | P-Wave |
| (S=Secondary) A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side. S-waves are slower than P-waves and cannot travel through a liquid. | S-wave |
| Type of seismic wave that forms when P and S waves reach Earth’s surface. Causes the most damage. | surface wave |
| A machine that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through the Earth. | seismograph |
| Measurement of earthquake strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults. | magnitude |
| A scale that rates earthquakes according to how much damage they cause at a particular place. | Mercalli Scale |
| A rating system that estimates the total energy released by an earthquake. Used today. | moment magnitude scale |
| Scale for measuring earthquakes, Each step in the scale is 10 times more powerful than the step below. | Richter Scale |
| An earthquake that occurs as a result of a larger previous earthquake. | aftershock |
| a temporary state in which loose soil and rock materials take on the property of liquid, often as a result of severe ground-shaking. (Basically makes quicksand) | liquefaction |
| "Harbor Wave" - seismic sea wave that begins over an earthquake focus and can be highly destructive when it crashes on shore | Tsunami |
| A type of seismic -safe building designed to reduce the amount of energy that reaches a building during an earthquake. Sits on rubber pads or springs - like a car. | base-isolated building |
Created by:
andersonpri12
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