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BIO170 - Obj 16

BIO170 - Obj 16 - Skin Cancers

QuestionAnswer
What is the etiology of basal cell carcinoma? UV light damages DNA in the stratum basale layer of the epidermis; basal cell carcinoma is most prevalent in light-skinned people who lack melanin pigment to prevent damage from sunlight or artificial sources (tanning beds)
What are other initiators of basal cell carcinoma? arsenical exposure and immunosuppression
What is the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma? tumor suppressor gene (Tp53) is damaged, letting initiated cells progress to cancer
What are the manifestation of basal cell carcinoma? Does it metastasize? mainfestations are small, white to pinkish lesions on the face, neck, chest, or back; lesions will ulcerate; rarely metastasizes unless allowed to grow for great lengths of time before removal
What is the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma? UV light damages DNA in the outer, keratinized layers of the epidermis; most prevalent in light-skinned people or use of tanning beds
What are other initiators of squamous cell carcinoma? arsenical exposure and immunosuppression
What is the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma? damage to Tp53 gene -> apoptosis of cancer cells not occurring; initiated cells progress to become cancerous
What are the manifestation of squamous cell carcinoma? 1) nodule with firm, undulated base on face, neck, and hands; nodule will eventually ulcerate
Does squamous cell carcinoma become malignant? squamous cell carcinoma eventually invades underlying tissue and becomes malignant if not surgically removed
What is the etiology of malignant melanoma? UV light damages the DNA of melanocytes, which produce melanin pigment; melanin protects the skin against UV light; melanomas can be initiated in young, light-skinned people who suffer bad sunburns; also melanoma develops as a person ages
What is the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma? melanocytes individually or as a group in a nevus (mole) progress toward cancer
What are the manifestations of malignant melanoma? 1) mole changes in appearance - ABCD rule; mole ulcerates, bleeds; frequently, melanoma metastasizes to many secondary sites; prognosis for LT survival is not good
What is the ABCD rule? Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter > 6mm
How is malignant melanoma prevented? by monitoring moles; using the ABCD rule is the best prevention of malignancy; stay out of the sun and tanning beds
How is malignant melanoma treated? surgical removal before metastases occur
Created by: debmurph
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