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Test 1 Flashcards
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
| hypothesis | A predicted answer to a scientific question. (if ... then) |
| Independent Variable | The thing the scientist changes between groups |
| Dependent Variable | The thing the scientist measures as a result of the changing independent variable. |
| Controlled Variable | The thing or group that remains the same and experiences "normal" conditions. |
| 7 Characteristics of Life | 1) Made of cells, 2) grow & develop, 3) reproduce, 4) respond to stimuli, 5) uses energy, 6) regulated (maintains homeostasis) and 7) evolves over time |
| Cell Theory | 1) all cells come from preexisting cells, 2) all living things are made of cells, and 3) cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living things |
| Prokaryotic Cells | Lack a nucleus and are single-celled |
| Eukaryotic Cells | Have a nucleus and other complex organelles they can be multi-cellular or unicellular |
| Nucleus | Cell control center, contains DNA |
| Cell Membrane | Controls what enters & exits the cell, provides protection |
| Ribosome | Makes Protein, site of protein synthesis |
| Mitochondria | Uses sugar to make energy for the cell, site of cell respiration |
| Chloroplast | Uses sunlight to turn CO2 into sugar, site of photosynthesis |
| Cell Wall | Rigid outer layer found in plant cells that supports the cell. Gives plants their square shape. (different from the cell membrane) |
| Cytoplasm | Jelly-like substance found in between organelles. (think of this like the air in the room it fills the space in between everything in the room) |
| Vacuole | Storage organelle, typically filled with water. Plants have a large central vacuole animals have many small vacuoles. |
| Organelle | A small structure inside cells that perform functions to keep the cell alive, the are like little cell organs. |
| Carbohydrates | Sugar, Starch, Energy, Food: breads, grains, rice, sugar |
| Lipids | Fatty acid, Lipid/Fat, Cell membrane, Food: oils, butters, fats |
| Proteins | Amino acid, protein/polypeptide, build structures and digests stuff, Food: meat, beans, dairy, nuts |
| Nucleic Acids | Nucleotide, DNA, information storage & transfer, Food: you don't consume DNA |
| Simple Diffusion | molecules directly crossing the membrane, no ATP, downhill, and no protein bridge |
| Facilitated Diffusion | molecules crossing the membrane through a protein bridge, no ATP, downhill |
| Osmosis | water crossing the cell membrane (water goes toward the salt), no ATP, downhill, no protein bridge |
| Active Transport | molecules being actively moved across the membrane by proteins, no ATP, uphill, uses a protein bridge |
| 4 steps to making a scale | 1) Count the boxes, 2) Identify the largest number you need to count to. 3) Divide largest number by the number of boxes. 4) round up to the next easiest number to count by |
| Lipid Bilayer | The structure of the cell membrane two layers of lipids with embeded proteins |
| What color does Iodine turn when in the presence of starch? | Black / Purple |
| If a cell is placed in salt water does water enter or leave the cell? | Leaves the cell. Water goes toward the higher concentration of salt. |
| What kinds of molecuels can easily pass the membrane? | Small molecuels: Examples Oxygen, Carbon dioxide and Glucose |
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