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DNA & Central Dogma

DNA and Central Dogm

TermDefinition
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism
Genetic Code refers to the instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein
Nitrogen Base form an important part of the nucleotides; A, T, C, G and U
Replication the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself
Template pattern used as a guide to make something
Complimentary matching bases pairs (A=T, C=G)
DNA Polymerase an enzyme that adds nucleotides one by one to the growing DNA chain and ensures there are no errors
DNA Helicase an enzyme that splits the DNA strand for replication
Double Helix shape of DNA
Ribosome organelle found in ALL cells; synthesizes protein
mRNA messenger RNA; copies and delivers the DNA message
tRNA transfer RNA; transfers amino acids to the ribosome
Amino Acid monomers that form proteins
Polypeptide chain of amino acids connected by peptide bonds
Codon a sequence of three nucleotide bases carried by the mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid
Anticodon a sequence of three nucleotide bases carried by the tRNA that corresponds to a codon on the mRNA
Protein Synthesis creation of proteins
Transcription the process of making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence
Translation process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids
Created by: hadams2020
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