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Geo Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hot Spot | Columns of molten material rising from deep within Earth’s interior in the interior of lithospheric plates |
| Age of Earth | 4.54 billion years |
| Mineral | Naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline, solid with a specific chemical structure and formula |
| Polymorphs | minerals with same formula, different structures |
| Gypsum | Drywall, Hardness 2 |
| Talc | Baby powder, Hardness 1 |
| Copper | Wire |
| Graphite | Pencil lead |
| Fluorite | Toothpaste, Hardness 4 |
| Aluminium | Foil |
| Diamond | Hardness 10 |
| Scratch with steel file | Everything but diamond, corundum, topaz, quartz |
| Scratch with glass | Everything but diamond, corundum, topaz, quartz, orthoclase |
| Scratch with pocketknife | Apatite, fluorite, calcite, gypsum, talc |
| Scratch with copper penny | calcite, gypsum, talc |
| Scratch with fingernail | gypsum, talc |
| Continental drift evidence | ‘jigsaw fit’ Glaciation Equatorial climate belts Fossils Matching Geologic units |
| Chemical Composition Layers top down | crust, mantle, core |
| Crust composition | Rigid, basalt/granite, thinner in ocean |
| Mantle composition | solid, silicate, 83% of volume |
| Core composition | Earth's center, mostly iron |
| Physical Property Layers top down | Lithosphere, asthenosphere |
| Lithosphere | Rigid outer shell that moves as one unit |
| asthenosphere | Region where rocks are warm enough to be solid and flow, flows over long periods |
| Subduction boundary | One plate moves down; down plate is heavier, composed of ocean crust/lithosphere |
| Where the oldest seafloor occurs | Passive margin |
| Divergent Plate Boundaries | Spreading boundaries, oceanic crust is generated |
| Igneous rocks formation | freezing or solidification of molten rock |
| Most abundant rock type | Igneous |
| Silica/viscosity correlation | Positive |
| How grain size is determined | Rate of cooling |
| Rate of cooling/grain size correlation | Positive |
| Sedimentary rocks formation | Cementation of shell fragments or carbon rich relicts of plants |
| Most abundant rock type on Earth's surface | Sedimentary |
| Mud crack connatation | Environment was under air (subaerial) |
| Transportation of sediment | Causes rounding, usually wind, glaciers or water |
| Chemical sedimentary rocks | Travertine: found in hot springs or caves when groundwater degrasses CO2, it is the precipitation of calcite |
| Great Oxygenation Event | Proterozoic (2500 – 541 Ma) |
| Occurance of first woody (vascular) plants | Silurian (444 – 419 Ma) |
| First jawless fish | Ordovician (485 – 444 Ma) |
| Dinosaurs | Triassic (252 – 201 Ma) |
| the Coal Age | (359 – 323 Ma) Large swamps in North America formed coal |
| Types of Unconformities | Angular Unconformity Disconformity Nonconformity |
| Nonconformity formation | between a sedimentary layer and older igneous or metamorphic layers |
| Protoliths subject to Metamorphism | basalt, sandstone, marble |
| Foliated Metamorphic Rocks | Rocks that develop a closely spaced planar layering during metamorphism |
| Foliation meaning | Banding or layering of mineral grains in preferred orientations |
Created by:
lugblhi
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