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Ch.5. vocab
exam 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| deviance | behaviors and beliefs that violate social expectations and attract negative sanctions |
| strain theory | the idea that deviance is caused by a tension between widely valued goals and people's ability to attain them |
| differential association theory | the idea that we need to be recruited into and taught criminal behavior by people in our social networks |
| social disorganization theory | the idea that deviance is more common in dysfunctional neighborhoods |
| concentrated poverty | a condition in which 40 percent or more of the residents in an area live below the federal poverty line |
| neutralization theory | the idea that deviance is facilitated by the development of culturally resonant rationales for rule breaking |
| labeling | the process of assigning a deviant identity to an individual |
| labeling theory | a theory about how labels that are applied to us influence our behavior |
| primary deviance | the instance of deviance that first attracts a deviant label |
| secondary deviance | further instances of deviance prompted by the receipt of the deviant label |
| structural functionalism | the theory that society is a system of necessary, synchronized parts that work together to create social stability |
| collective conscience | a society's shared understanding of right and wrong |
| anomie | widespread normlessness or a weakening of or alienation from social rules |
| survey | a research method that involves inviting individuals to complete a questionnaire designed to collect analyzable data |
| sample | the subset of the population from which data will be collected |
| generalizable | a term used to describe data that are applicable to the whole population from which the sample is drawn, not just to the sample itself |
| conflict theory | the idea that societies aren't characterized by shared interests but competing ones |
| social inequality | a condition in which wealth, power, and prestige are most readily available to people with privileged social identities |
| historical sociology | a research method that involves collecting and analyzing data that reveal facts about past events, with the aim of enhancing sociological theory |
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msohniaa
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