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BIO 101 Exam 3 Ch 11

Sexual reproduction/meiosis

TermDefinition
Somatic cells diploid cells; non reproductive; 2 sets of chromosomes
Germ-line cells haploid cells; reproductive; one set of chromosomes
sexual reproduction alternation of reproduction and fertilization
homologous chromosomes chromosomes in a diploid cells that have similar genes; from M/F; carry different genes for the same traits;
Synapsis in early prophase 1; pairing of homologous chromosomes prior to separation into daughter cells; synaptonemal complexes
Tetrad/bivalent group of 2 homologous chromosomes; come together to cross over; 2 X's
synaptonemal complex ladder like threads adjacent to the homologous chromosomes;
transverse filaments make up synaptonemal complex
chromatin part of chromosome that attatches to transverse fibers/lateral elements
genetic recombination prophase 1; crossing over; two different sister chromatids; genetic variation;
chiasmata site of crossing over; contact maintained until Anaphase 1;
Prophase 1 chromosomes coil tighter; NE dissolves; spindle forms; each chromosome is 2 sister chromatids(2X's); crossing over
Metaphase 1 Paired homogues lock together after crossing over; microtubules attach to chromosomes(attach to one sister chromatid of each X); orientation of chromosomes on metaphasal plate is random;
Anaphase 1 Microtubules of the spindle shorten; chiasmata break; homologues are separated from each other and move to opposite poles; sister chromatids remain intact; ea pole has haploid set of chromosomes
Telophase 1 NE reforms; sister chromatids not identical;
Prophase 2 brief duration comp to P1; new spindle; NE breaks down
Metaphase 2 sister chromatids line up in metaphase plate; kinetochore and microtubules attach;
Anaphase 2 microtubules shorten; sis chrom pulled to poles
Telophase 2 NE reforms; 4 haploid cells result
nondisjunction failure of chromosomes to move to opposite poles during meiotic division.
Aneopoid gametes gametes with missing or extra chromosomes; result of nondisjunction; most common cause of spontaneous abortion in humans;
Created by: katchcats
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