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BIO 101 Exam 3-Ch 10
Cell cycle
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Somatic cells | Everyday body cells; diploid; Mitosis |
| Germ line cells | Reproductive cells; haploid; meiosis |
| Binary Fission-1 | Replication of DNA; one ring; from origin to terminal point |
| Binary Fission-2 | Septation; septum forms and pinches cell in half |
| Binary Fission-3 | Division; cell separates; 2 identical cells |
| Ftsz protien | facilitates septation in prokaryotes; binary fission step 3 |
| Karyotype | Array of chromosomes in an individual organism; org by shape, size, location of centromere |
| diploid | 2 complete sets of chromosomes (2n) |
| haploid | 1 set of chromosomes (n) |
| chromotin | make up chromosomes; unwound |
| Nucleosome | histone(protein) wrapped in DNA; 40% DNA 60% protein |
| kinetochore | chromosomes' attachment point to microtubules |
| centromere | Joins together sister chromatids |
| homologous chromosomes | Pair of M/F chromosomes; diploid |
| homologue | one of the chromosomes either from M/F |
| sister chromatids | Two identical and jointed chromosomes |
| cohesin | protein holds sister chromatids together |
| G1(gap phase 1) | Primary growth |
| S(synthesis) | replication of DNA |
| G2(gap phase 2) | organelles replicate; cytoskeleton dismantled |
| M(Mitosis) | Division on nucleus and sister chromatids |
| cytokinesis | Division of cytoplasm |
| aster | centrioles branch out microtubules |
| Prophase | Chromosomes visible; Nuclear envelope breaks down; spindles form; |
| Prometaphase | Microtubules/spindles attach to kinetochores; |
| Metaphase | Sister chromatids line up single file in middle of cell; tension by microtubules; |
| Anaphase | A)Kinetochores pulled to poles B)Poles themselves move apart Sister chromatids to chromosomes; one copy to each pole |
| Telophase | Nuclear envelope reforms; spindle disassembles; Golgi and ER reform |
| Cytokinesis | Cleavage of cell into two identical cells |
| C- Animal | Actin pincher; pinch PM together |
| C- Plant | Cell plate; becomes new cell wall |
| Checkpoints | Cell checks progress and status before continuing cell cycle |
| G1/S | Cell decides to divide; growth factors/nutrients/size of cell |
| G2/M | Makes commitment to Mitosis; after successful DNA replication |
| Spindle checkpoint | All chromosomes are attached to spindle; before anaphase |
| MPF | Control factor; Maturation promoting factor; triggers growth |
| Cyclin | activates CDC2 |
| CDC2 | cell division protien kinase; req cyclin |
| cdks | key positive drivers of the cell cycle; on and off by phosphorylation; |
| APC | anaphase promoting complex; marks securin for destruction; |
| growth factors | trigger intracellular signal system; stimulate and inhibit growth |
Created by:
katchcats
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