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Unit 1: LS
Lesson 1: Cell Structure and Function
Term | Definition |
---|---|
CELL MEMBRANE | A phospholipid layer that covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment. This surrounds and protects the cell and controls what materials go into and out of it. |
ORGANELLE | One of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function |
NUCLEUS | In a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. |
MITOCHONDRION | In eukaryotic cells, the organelle that is the site of cellular respiration, which releases energy for use by the cell. |
CHLOROPLAST | An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs |
CELL WALL | This provides structural support. Many prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, but some do not. |
ORGANISM | A living thing made up of one or more cells that can perform all the processes needed for life. |
CELL THEORY | All lving things are made of one or more cells, and that all cells divide to produce new, identical cells. |
NONLIVING THINGS | Things that do not grow, reproduce, or behave in response to the environment. |
UNICELLULAR | Some organisms are made of only one cell. This type of cell performs all of the functions it needs to live. |
MULTICELLULAR | These are made of many cells, different types of cells interact to perform specific functions needed by the organism to survive. |
PROKARYOTIC CELLS | A cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. |
EUKARYOTIC CELLS | The genetic material is enclosed in a membrane-bound organelle called the nucleus. They also have membrane-bound organelles. |
FLAGELLUM | This helps move the cell through its environment. |
RIBOSOMES | This make proteins, which do much of the work in a cell. |