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Unit 1: LS

Lesson 1: Cell Structure and Function

TermDefinition
CELL MEMBRANE A phospholipid layer that covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment. This surrounds and protects the cell and controls what materials go into and out of it.
ORGANELLE One of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function
NUCLEUS In a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
MITOCHONDRION In eukaryotic cells, the organelle that is the site of cellular respiration, which releases energy for use by the cell.
CHLOROPLAST An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
CELL WALL This provides structural support. Many prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, but some do not.
ORGANISM A living thing made up of one or more cells that can perform all the processes needed for life.
CELL THEORY All lving things are made of one or more cells, and that all cells divide to produce new, identical cells.
NONLIVING THINGS Things that do not grow, reproduce, or behave in response to the environment.
UNICELLULAR Some organisms are made of only one cell. This type of cell performs all of the functions it needs to live.
MULTICELLULAR These are made of many cells, different types of cells interact to perform specific functions needed by the organism to survive.
PROKARYOTIC CELLS A cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
EUKARYOTIC CELLS The genetic material is enclosed in a membrane-bound organelle called the nucleus. They also have membrane-bound organelles.
FLAGELLUM This helps move the cell through its environment.
RIBOSOMES This make proteins, which do much of the work in a cell.
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