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Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Apex Predator (Consumer): The predator at the top of the food chain who has no natural predator.
Aquatic ecosystem: An ecosystem in and around a body of water.
Carrying Capacity: The maximum population size that an ecosystem can support.
Limiting Factor: Any biotic or abiotic factor restricts the population size or affects population growth.
Density Dependent Limiting Factor: A limiting factor that depends in some way on population size.These are usually biotic factors.
Density Independent Limiting Factor: A limiting factor that in no way depends on population size.These are usually abiotic factors.
Cooperation: A helpful interaction among organisms living in a limited area that aids each organism’s survival.
Competition: An interaction that occurs when organisms try to get the same resources.
Symbiosis: All of the food chains in an ecosystem and how they are interconnected.
Mutualism: A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species. There are three types of symbiosis-mutualism, commensalism, parasitism.
Commensalism: A symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which both organisms benefit.
Parasitism: A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed.
Parasite: An organism that lives in or on another organism and benefits at the other organism’s expense.
Host: An organism that a parasite lives in or on.
Predation: An interaction in an ecosystem where the predator kills and eats the prey.
Predator: An organism that hunts, captures, and eats other organisms.
Prey: An organism that is hunted and eaten.
Photosynthesis: The process where plants use the sun’s energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars/food.
Cellular Respiration: The process where cells break down food/sugars in the presence of oxygen to release energy.
Nitrogen Fixation: The process that converts nitrogen in the atmosphere into compounds in the soil that are useful to a variety of organisms.
Denitrification: The process in which fixed nitrogen compounds are converted back into nitrogen gas and returned to the atmosphere by bacteria.
Food Chain: A series of organisms in which each feeds on the one at the next lower trophic level.
Food Web: All of the food chains in an ecosystem and how they are interconnected.
Trophic Level: An energy level in an ecosystem.
Energy Pyramid: A diagram that shows the energy flows between organisms in an ecosystem.
Terrestrial Ecosystem: A land-based ecosystem.
Photosynthesis: The process by which plants use the sun’s energy to make food chemosynthesis.
Chemosynthesis: The process by which bacteria turn chemical energy into food producers.
Producers: organisms in an ecosystem that make their own food. Also called autotrophs.
Consumers: Organisms in an ecosystem that cannot make their own food. Also called must obtain food from other sources.also called heterotrophs.
Herbivores: Obtain energy by eating plants.
Carnivores: Obtain energy by eating other consumers.
Omnivores: Obtain energy by eating both producers and other consumers.
Decomposers: Obtain energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or wastes of living organisms.
Created by: SIR STW
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