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Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
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Apex Predator (Consumer): The predator at the top of the food chain who has no natural predator. | |
Aquatic ecosystem: An ecosystem in and around a body of water. | |
Carrying Capacity: The maximum population size that an ecosystem can support. | |
Limiting Factor: Any biotic or abiotic factor restricts the population size or affects population growth. | |
Density Dependent Limiting Factor: A limiting factor that depends in some way on population size.These are usually biotic factors. | |
Density Independent Limiting Factor: A limiting factor that in no way depends on population size.These are usually abiotic factors. | |
Cooperation: A helpful interaction among organisms living in a limited area that aids each organism’s survival. | |
Competition: An interaction that occurs when organisms try to get the same resources. | |
Symbiosis: All of the food chains in an ecosystem and how they are interconnected. | |
Mutualism: A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species. There are three types of symbiosis-mutualism, commensalism, parasitism. | |
Commensalism: A symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which both organisms benefit. | |
Parasitism: A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed. | |
Parasite: An organism that lives in or on another organism and benefits at the other organism’s expense. | |
Host: An organism that a parasite lives in or on. | |
Predation: An interaction in an ecosystem where the predator kills and eats the prey. | |
Predator: An organism that hunts, captures, and eats other organisms. | |
Prey: An organism that is hunted and eaten. | |
Photosynthesis: The process where plants use the sun’s energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars/food. | |
Cellular Respiration: The process where cells break down food/sugars in the presence of oxygen to release energy. | |
Nitrogen Fixation: The process that converts nitrogen in the atmosphere into compounds in the soil that are useful to a variety of organisms. | |
Denitrification: The process in which fixed nitrogen compounds are converted back into nitrogen gas and returned to the atmosphere by bacteria. | |
Food Chain: A series of organisms in which each feeds on the one at the next lower trophic level. | |
Food Web: All of the food chains in an ecosystem and how they are interconnected. | |
Trophic Level: An energy level in an ecosystem. | |
Energy Pyramid: A diagram that shows the energy flows between organisms in an ecosystem. | |
Terrestrial Ecosystem: A land-based ecosystem. | |
Photosynthesis: The process by which plants use the sun’s energy to make food chemosynthesis. | |
Chemosynthesis: The process by which bacteria turn chemical energy into food producers. | |
Producers: organisms in an ecosystem that make their own food. Also called autotrophs. | |
Consumers: Organisms in an ecosystem that cannot make their own food. Also called must obtain food from other sources.also called heterotrophs. | |
Herbivores: Obtain energy by eating plants. | |
Carnivores: Obtain energy by eating other consumers. | |
Omnivores: Obtain energy by eating both producers and other consumers. | |
Decomposers: Obtain energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or wastes of living organisms. |