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NUR 412 Exam Two
Evidence-based practice and Epidemiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the four goals of Healthy People Goals 2023? | disease prevention, eradicate health disparities, improve health equity, improve overall health of Americans |
| What are the three objectives of Healthy People Goals 2023? | core, developmental, and research |
| What is the core objective? | evidence-based resources or guides |
| What is the developmental objective? | baseline data that's reliable and provides valuable evidence-based info on critical issues |
| What is the research objective? | addresses components of health and wellness concerning SDOH, lack of evidence |
| What are the two ethical issues in community engaged research? | confidentiality and need for education |
| What are the three levels of disease? | endemic, epidemic, pandemic |
| What is an endemic? | expected cases of disease |
| What is an epidemic? | higher than expected cases of disease |
| What is a pandemic? | epidemic on a larger scale |
| What are the core functions of epidemiology? | surveillance, investigation, analytic studies, evaluation, linkages, policy development |
| Which function of epidemiology involves monitoring health states, addressing health problems, and evaluating interventions? | surveillance |
| Which function of epidemiology involves an inquiry following disease detection? | investigation |
| What are the four types of analytic studies? | conceptualization/design, conduct/implementation, data analysis, interpretation of findings |
| What is conceptualization/design? | appropriate research approach, strategy, and design |
| What is conduct/implementation? | institutional review board approval and collecting, storing, and managing data |
| What is data analysis? | using analytic methods to teat hypotheses |
| What is an interpretation of findings? | explaining findings in context |
| What function of epidemiology involves assessing the effectiveness of an intervention? | evaluation |
| What does the linkages function of epidemiology involve? | collaboration and outcome improvement, a written agreement of goals |
| What describes the policy development function of epidemiology? | findings influence policy |
| What is the chain of infection cycle? | infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host |
| What are the components of the epidemiologic triangle? | agent, host, environment |
| What does the natural history of disease model consist of? | susceptibility, subclinical disease, clinical disease, and recovery, disability, or death |
| What is susceptibility? | exposure |
| What is subclinical disease? | onset of symptoms |
| What is clinical disease? | time of diagnosis |
| What is a case report? | in-depth analysis of individual who exhibits signs + symptoms or a medical issue of interest |
| What is a cross-sectional study? | relationships between risk factors and public health concerns; simultaneous collection |
| What is a case-control study? | two groups of participants, cases, and controls; match ill client with someone similar who is not ill |
| What is a cohort study? | large, population-based study; people enrolled and followed over time |
| What are the two types of experimental studies? | randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies |
| What is a randomized controlled study? | randomly enrolled in one or two groups; treatment vs. control |
| What is a quasi-experimental study? | no randomization of participants into groups |
| What are the measures of frequency? | incidence and prevalence |
| What is incidence? | number of new cases during specific time period; only those at risk included in denominator (ex. uterine cancer) |
| What is prevalence? | number of people who have a disease at specific point in time; denominator includes entire population |
| What is mortality? | death rate |
| What is the crude mortality rate? | number of people who died from all causes during certain time period |
| What is cause-specific mortality rate? | number of deaths from specific cause; divide by total population |
| What is morbidity? | rate of a disease in a population |
| What is sensitivity? | indicates those who have the disease |
| What detects a true positive? | sensitivity |
| What detects a true negative? | specificity |
| What is specificity? | indicates people who don't have the disease |
| T or F: Screenings are diagnostic. | false |
| If you have a test with low sensitivity, then you'll have more... | false negatives |
| If you have a test with low specificity, then you'll have more... | false positives |
Created by:
kristina2992
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