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Science Biology
September-December
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Osmosis definition | osmosis is the net movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane |
Osmosis- what's the membrane and what's solutes | selectively permeable membrane= very small only let small through EG: let water through but not starch A solute can dissolve eg: sugar so a strong lots of Ribena = strong solvent strong |
the function of Alveoli | function= gas exchange eg blood gets rid of Carbon dioxide and gets Oxygen through a selectively permeable membrane |
Breathing in = and breathing out = | breathing in= inhalation breathing out= exhalation |
Gases / %inspired Air / % expired Air | Oxygen= In21- out16 Carbon Dioxide= In0.04- out 4 Nitrogen= In78- Out78 Water Vapour=In Varies- Out saturated |
Welsh governments attempts to reduce smoking | Raise buying age to 18 scary packaging Expensive Tv advertising No Passive smoking eg cars with kids or in public |
Respiration IS NOT BREATHING its a | Respiration is a CHEMICAL REACTION that takes place in EVERY LIVING CELL. It releases energy from glucose and in controlled by enzymes |
Respiration releases energy from glucose for | Muscle contraction muscle Growth Maintaining body temperature |
Aerobic respiration | Oxygen needed Glucose fully broken down EFFIECENT REACTION takes place in mitochondria |
Anaerobic respiration | oxygen not used glucose not broken down fully INEFFIECENT REACTION only carried out during VIGOUROUS exercise EG SPRINTING lactic acid waste builds up and can cause cramp |
Word equations for respiration | Aerobic= Glucose+ Oxygen--- ATP(energy)+Carbon Dioxide + water Anaerobic= Glucose--- ATP(small energy)+ lactic acid Breakdown of lactic acid= Lactic acid+ Oxygen--- Carbon Dioxide+ Water (caused by oxygen debt) |
Chest Cavity/ The thorax | Breathing in- intercostal muscles contract - ribcage moves up and out- the volume of the thorax increases - lower pressure in thorax |
How are lungs protected from infection? | The sticky mucus trap dust and bacteria and the cilia(tiny hair like structures) on the surface of cells that line the trachea bronchi and bronchioles sweep the sticky mucus to the back of the throat |
Effect of smoking | Lung cancer by tar chemicals in cigarettes paralyse cilia causes smokers cough emphysema which breaks down the walls of the alveoli causing shortness of breath |