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Cell Bio 3rd Lec

TermDefinition
Germ Layers (prenatal development) ecotderm
Germ Layers (prenatal development) 2 mesoderm
Germ Layers (prenatal development) 3 endoderm
Types of embryonic connective tissue mesenchymal
Types of embryonic connective tissue 2 muscle
Types of specialized connective tissue cartilage
Types of specialized connective tissue 2 bone
Types of specialized connective tissue 3 blood
Chondroblast function contribute greatly to fibers and ground substance to ECM after they are transformed to chondrocytes
chondrocyte round to oval shape
chondrocyte 2 located in lacunae
chondrocyte function continue to synthesize and secrete matrix
types of cartilage hyaline
types of cartilage 2 elastic
types of cartilage 3 fibrocartilage
Hyaline cartilage composition collagen type II fibers
Hyaline cartilage composition 2 perichondrium
Hyaline cartilage composition 3 chondroblasts
Hyaline cartilage composition 4 ECM
Hyaline cartilage composition 5 chondrocytes in lacunae
Hyaline cartilage composition 6 isogenic group
Isogenic group group of lacunae with chondrocytes lying close to each other
Isogenic group 2 all chondrocytes of this group come from one chondrocyte
Isogenic group 3 each chondrocyte lies in its own lacuna
Hyaline cartilage functions provide support, flexibility and resilience
Hyaline cartilage functions 2 reduces friction between bony surfaces
Hyaline cartilage functions 3 most abundant skeletal cartilage
where is hyaline cartilage located articular: covers the ends of long bones
where is hyaline cartilage located 2 costal: connects the ribs to the sternum
where is hyaline cartilage located 3 respiratory: makes up larynx; reinforces air passages
where is hyaline cartilage located 4 nasal: supports the nose
elastic cartilage composition elastic fibers
elastic cartilage composition 2 collagen type II fibers
elastic cartilage composition 3 perichondrium
elastic cartilage composition 4 chondroblasts
elastic cartilage composition 5 chondrocytes in lacunae
elastic cartilage composition 6 ECM
elastic cartilage composition 7 isogenic group
elastic cartilage functions provides support with more flexibility
elastic cartilage functions 2 can be distorted and return to original shape without damage
where is elastic cartilage found external ear
where is elastic cartilage found 2 epiglottis
where is elastic cartilage found 3 tip of nose
Fibrocartilage composition collagen type II fibers
Fibrocartilage composition 2 chondrocytes in lacunae
Fibrocartilage composition 3 ECM
Fibrocartilage function resists compression
Fibrocartilage function 2 prevents bone to bone contact
Fibrocartilage function 3 limits relative movement
Where is fibrocartilage found highly compressed with great tensile strength
Where is fibrocartilage found 2 found in menisci of knee and in intervertebral discs
Where is fibrocartilage found 3 between pubic bones
Types of cartilage growth appositional
Types of cartilage growth 2 interstitial
Appositional growth mesenchymal cells surrounding the cartilage in the deep part of the perichondrium differentiate into chondroblasts
Appositional growth 2 occurs in mature cartilage
Interstitial growth chondrocytes within the existing cartilage divide and form small groups of cells (isogenic groups), which produce matrix to become separated from each other by a thin partition of matrix
Appositional growth 2 occurs mainly in immature cartilage
Major functions of cartilage supporting soft tissues
Major functions of cartilage 2 providing a model for the formation of most of the bones in the body
Major functions of cartilage 3 providing a surface where two bones meet
Types of anatomical bones long
Types of anatomical bones 2 short
Types of anatomical bones 3 flat
Types of anatomical bones 4 irregular
Types of lamellar bone compact
Types of lamellar bone 2 spongy
Woven bone many osteocytes and the osteoid, less the inorganic substance
Woven bone 2 a lot of collagenous fibers in thick tufts
Woven bone 3 in fetal life and just after birth
Woven bone 4 in adult individuals, it appears local to the insertion of tendons to the bone
Woven bone 5 in the skull, only in pathological states
Components of bone cells
Components of bone 2 ECM
Types of bone cells osteogenic
Types of bone cells 2 osteoblasts
Types of bone cells 3 osteocytes
Types of bone cells 4 osteoclasts
ECM composition organic matter (osteoid)
ECM composition 2 Inorganic matter (mineral)
Types of organic matter (osteoids) ground substance: complex polysaccharides and glycoproteins
Types of organic matter (osteoids) 2 collagen fibers
Types of inorganic matter (minerals) hydroxyapatite: calcium-phosphate salts
Types of inorganic matter (minerals) 2 magnesium salts
Types of inorganic matter (minerals) 3 random ions
Osteogenic cells stem cells that line bone and divide to produce osteoblasts
Osteogenic cell function assist in fracture repair
Where are osteogenic cells found inner cellular layer of periosteum and endosteum
Osteoblasts immature bone cells that secrete matrix compounds (osteogenesis)
Osteoblasts 2 become surrounded by calcified bone and become osteocytes
Osteoblast function produce new bone
Osteoblast function 2 secrete matrix compounds (osteogenesis)
Osteocytes mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix
Osteocytes 2 do not divide
Osteocyte functions maintain the bone matrix
Osteocyte functions 2 help repair damaged bone
Where are osteocytes found connected by cytoplasmic processes through canaliculi in lamellae (gap junctions)
Where are osteocytes found 2 live in lacunae
Osteoclasts related to macrophages
Osteoclasts 2 often occur in the endosteum lining the marrow cavity
Osteoclast functions dissolve bone matrix and release stored minerals (osteolysis)
Osteoclast functions 2 involved in bone resorption
Osteoclast functions 3 secrete acids and protein-digesting enzymes
Types of bone membrane periosteum
Types of bone membrane 2 endosteum
Periosteum double-layered protective membrane covers all bones
Periosteum 2 secured to underlying bone by Sharpey's fibers
periosteum composition outer fibrous layer
periosteum composition 2 inner cellular layer (osteogenic layer), which is composed of osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Endosteum delicate membrane covering internal surfaces of bone
Osteon the basic structural unit of mature compact bone
Osteon 2 osteocytes arranged in concentric lamellae around a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves
Osteon 3 aka Haversian System
Lamella weight-bearing, column-like matrix tubes composed mainly of collagen
types of lamellae concentric
types of lamellae 2 circumferential
types of lamellae 3 interstitial
Spongy bone (cancellous bone) composition osteoblasts
Spongy bone (cancellous bone) composition 2 osteoclasts
Spongy bone (cancellous bone) composition 3 lamellae
Spongy bone (cancellous bone) composition 4 canaliculus
Spongy bone (cancellous bone) composition 5 osteocytes
Bone marrow highly vascular substance found in the space between trabeculae
Types of bone marrow red bone marrow
Types of bone marrow 2 yellow bone marrow
Red bone marrow functions supplies nutrients to osteocytes in trabeculae
Red bone marrow functions 2 forms red and white blood cells
Yellow bone marrow function stores fat
types of bone development (ossification/osteogenesis) intermembranous ossificaton
types of bone development (ossification/osteogenesis) 2 endochondral ossification
Intermembranous ossification develop within a fibrous sheet
Intermembranous ossification 2 no cartilage is needed for this process
Intermembranous ossification 3 produces the flat bones of the skull and part of the clavicle
Endochondral ossification begins with a hyaline cartilage model and produces most of the other bones bones of the skeleton
Endochondral ossification 2 primary ossification center: in the diaphysis
Endochondral ossification 3 secondary ossification center: in the epiphysis
Endochondral ossification stage 1 formation of bone collar around hyaline cartilage model
endochondral ossification stage 2 cavitation of the hyaline cartilage within the cartilage model
Endochondral ossification stage 3 invasion of internal cavities by the periosteal bud and spongy bone formation
Endochondral ossification stage 4 formation of the medullary cavity as ossification continues; appearance of secondary ossification center in the epiphyses in preparation of stage 5
Endochondral ossification stage 5 ossification of the epiphyses; when completed, hyaline cartilage remains only in the epiphyseal plates and articular cartilages
two directions of bone growth length
two directions of bone growth 2 width
Bone remodeling the bone continues to reshape itself in a constant process of bone resorption and deposition
Blood supply and innervation bone is highly vascularized, especially in regions containing red bone marrow
Blood supply and innervation 2 blood vessels enter bones from the periosteum
Blood supply and innervation 3 the nutrient artery and the nutrient vein supply the diaphysis of a long bone
Homeostasis the balance between bone building cells (osteocytes + osteoblasts) and bone recycling cells (osteoclasts)
Hormone functions in bone control and regulate growth patterns in bone by altering the rates of both osteoblast and osteoclast activity
types of hormones growth hormone
types of hormones 2 somatonmedin
types of hormones 3 calcitonin (thyroid hormone)
types of hormones 4 Parathormone (parathyroid hormone)
Growth hormone function affects bone growth by stimulating the formation of another hormone
Growth hormone function 2 with calcitonin, regulate and maintain normal activity at the epiphyseal plates until puberty
Somatomedin function directly stimulates growth of cartilage in epiphyseal plate
Somatomedin function 2 produced by the liver
Calcitonin (thyroid hormone) function stimulates bone growth
Calcitonin (thyroid hormone) function 2 acts to decrease the concentration of calcium in the blood
Calcitonin (thyroid hormone) function 3 inhibits osteoclast activity
Calcitonin (thyroid hormone) function 4 with growth hormone, regulate and maintain normal activity at the epiphyseal plates until puberty
Parathormone (parathyroid hormone) acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood
Major functions of bone support
Major functions of bone 2 storage of minerals and lipids
Major functions of bone 3 blood cell production
Major functions of bone 4 protection
Major functions of bone 5 leverage
Created by: j_kasprzak
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