Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Cells Study Guide
| Terms and Questions | Definitions and Answers |
|---|---|
| Light Microscopes (LMs) | Pass visible light through a specimen Magnify cellular structures with lenses |
| Electron Microscopes (EMs) | From a beam of electrons through a specimen (TEM) or onto its surface (SEM) |
| The Scanning electron microscope (SEM) | Provides for detailed study of the surface of a specimen` |
| The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) | Provides for detailed study of the internal ultrastructure of cells. |
| Why scientists need Cell Fraction? | To take cells apart and separates the major organelles from one another. |
| Antony van Leeuwenhoek | Handheld light microscope (LMs) First person to see the tiny protists in water |
| Robert Hooke | 1665 observed cork pieces Tiny chambers he termed "cells" Reminded him of monastery rooms |
| The Cell Theory | Cells are the basic unit of life. All living things are composed of cells. All cells come from cells. |
| Scientists involved in developing the Cell Theory | Matthias Schleiden Observed a variety of plants in 1830's All plants are composed of cells Theodor Schwann Observed animals Concluded all animals are made of cells Rudolph Virchow All cells are produced from the division of preexisting cells/1855 |
| Features that are common to all cells | They are bounded by a plasma membrane They contain a semifluid called the cytosol/cytoplasm They contain chromosomes They all have ribosomes |
| Prokaryotic Cells | Do not contain a nucleus Have their DNA located in a region called the nucleoid Example: Bacteria Cells,Archaea, |
| Eukaryotic Cells | Contain a true nucleus, bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope Are generally quite a bit larger than prokaryotic cells Examples: Plant and Animal Cells and Fungal Cells and Protist Cells |
| The Nucleus | Contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cells |
| The Nuclear Envelope | Encloses the nucleus, separating its continents from the cytoplasm |
| The Nucleolus | Contains the DNA inside of the cells, located in the nucleus |
| Ribosomes | Are particles made of ribosomal RNA and protein Carry out protein synthesis |
| The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | Part of the Endomembrane System Accounts for more than half the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells. |
| The ER Membrane | Part of the Endomembrane System Is continuous with the nuclear envelope |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | Lacks Ribosomes Above the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Contains Ribosomes Below the Smooth ER |
| The Smooth ER | Synthesizes Lipids Metabolizes carbohydrates Stores Calcium Detoxifies poison |
| The Rough ER | Has bound ribosomes Produces proteins and membranes, which are distributed by transport vesicles. |
| The Golgi Apparatus | Receives many of the transport vesicles produces in the Rough ER Consists of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae |
| Functions of the Golgi Apparatus: Shipping and Receiving Center | Modification of the products of the Rough ER Manufacture of certain micromolecules |
| Lysosome: Digestive Compartments | Is a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes Con digest all kinds of microtubules Carry out intracellular digestion by Phagocytosis |
| Vacuoles: Storage | Large vesicles that stores food or water for the cell-very large central one in plant cells |
| Different types of vacuoles | Food Vacuoles- Are found by phagocytosis Contractile vacuoles- Pump excess water out of protist cells Central Vacuoles- Are found in plant cells Hold reserves of important organic compounds and water |
| Mitochondria:Powerhouse | Makes energy in the form of ATP Are the sites of cellular respiration Are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells |
| Chloroplasts | Found only in plants, are the sites of photosynthesis |
| Chloroplast: Capture of light energy | Only in plant cells. this organelle converts sunlight into energy for the cell Contains chlorophyll |
| Peroxisomes: Oxidation | Breaks down long fatty acid chains with catalase Produce peroxide and convert it to water |
| Cytoskeleton | A network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell Gives mechanical support to the cells |
| Microtubules | Shape the cell Guide movement of organelles Help separate the chromosome copies in dividing cells |
| Centrosome | Is considered to be a microtubule-organizing center |
| Centrioles | Used for cell division also known as mitosis |
| Cilia and Flagella | Contains specialized arrangements of microtubules Are locomotor appendages of some cells |
| Microfilaments | Are built from molecules of the protein actin Are found in microvilli Function in cellular motility |
| The Cell Wall | Is an extracellular structure if plant cells that distinguishes them from animal cells |
| Plant Cell Walls | Are made of cellulose fibers embedded in other polysaccharides and protein May have multiple layers |
| Animal Cells | Lack cell walls Are covered by an elaborate matrix, the ECM |
| Functions of the ECM include | Support Adhesion Movement Regulation |
| Plasmodesmata | Are channels that perforate plant cell walls |
| Cell Junctions | Channels or bridges between cells |
| Tight Junctions | Link cells that line body surfaces Neighboring cell that are tights pressed together Prevent water-soluble substances from leaking between the cell Example:Hands |
| Desmosomers/Adherms | Anchoring Intermediate filaments made of keratin fibers Stretch into adjacent cell to hold cells together Example: Muscles |
| Gap Junctions | Link the cytoplasm of neighboring cells Open channels for the rapid flow of signals Allows for communication Example: Heart |
| Plasmodesmata | Openings in cell walls Channels connect plasma membranes Allow certain ions and molecules to pass |
| How does a cell maintain Homeostasis | by regulation and by the exchange of materials and energy with its surroundings. |
| Osmosis | A type of water diffusion H20 molecules pass through a selectively permeable membrane From higher H2O concentration to lower effective H2O concentration |
| Diffusion | Net movement of substance down its concentration gradient From region of greater concentration to region of lower concentration Does not use direct metabolic energy Ex: Sugar in water discentegrates like cotton candy in water |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Specific transport proteins move solutes across the membrane down their concentration gradient Ex: Car moving to a window to pick up food |
| Active Transport | Cells use metabolic energy to move ions or molecules, across a membrane, and against a concentration gradient Ex: Sodium Potassium Pump |
| Endocytosis | Material enters the cell Membrane surface area decreases because its creating a vesicle around the particles Hyp meaning Hippo/Large |
| Exocytosis | Materials exit the cells Membrane surface area increases because the vesicle attacks Exo meaning shrink |
| Phagocytosis | Large particle-food-enters the cell Amebas eat |
| Pinocytosis | Dissolved materials- liquids enter the cell |
Created by:
kiyara.thomas
Popular Biology sets