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Rocks and Minerals

TermDefinition
mineral a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition
igneous rock a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface
metamorphic rock A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat and pressure
sedimentary rock A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together
intrusive rock Igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface.
extrusive rock Igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface
Foliation An arrangement of minerals in flat or wavy parallel bands.
Clastic A sedimentary rock composed of weathered fragments of older rock.
Bioclastic Sedimentary rock formed by the accumlation of plants and animal remains
chemical sedimentary rock Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals precipitate from a solution or settle from a suspension.
rock cycle A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another
Calcite (mineral) Mineral that reacts with acid
Cleavage A mineral's ability to split easily along flat surfaces.
fracture The way a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way
Luster The way a mineral reflects light
Streak the color of a mineral's powder
Hardness A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched
Magma Molten rock beneath the earth's surface
Lava Magma that reaches Earth's surface
Felsic Describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in feldspars and silica and that is generally light in color.
Mafic describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron and that is generally dark in color
contact metamorphism formation of a metamorphic rock caused by magma coming into contact with existing rock
Created by: vsimonetti
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