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Inside Earth 2.2

Ch. 2:2 Measuring Earthquakes

TermDefinition
focus The point beneath Earth’s surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake.
epicenter Point on the Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake’s focus
seismic waves vibrations that travel through the earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake
P-Wave (P=Primary) A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground. It is the fastest seismic wave.
S-wave (S=Secondary) A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side. S-waves are slower than P-waves and cannot travel through a liquid.
surface wave Type of seismic wave that forms when P and S waves reach Earth’s surface. Causes the most damage.
seismograph A machine that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through the Earth.
magnitude Measurement of earthquake strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults.
Mercalli Scale A scale that rates earthquakes according to how much damage they cause at a particular place.
Richter Scale *Scale for measuring earthquakes,
moment magnitude scale A rating system that estimates the total energy released by an earthquake. Used today.
Created by: Scovilleryd12
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