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Inside Earth 2:1
Chapter 2:1 Earth's Crust in motion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| stress | A force acting on rock to change its shape or volume. |
| shearing | Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions. |
| compression | Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks. |
| tension | Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle. |
| deformation | A change in the volume or shape of Earth’s crust. |
| fault | a break in Earth's crust where slabs of rock slip past each other. |
| strike-slip fault | A fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up-or-down motion. |
| normal fault | A fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust. |
| hanging wall | The block of rock that lies above a fault line. |
| footwall | The block of rock that lies below the fault line. |
| reverse fault | A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward. |
| fault-block mountain | A mountain that forms where a normal fault uplifts a block of rock. |
| fold | A bend in rock that forms where part of Earth’s crust is compressed. |
| anticline | An upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth’s crust. |
| syncline | A downward fold in rock formed by compression in Earth’s crust. |
| plateau | A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level. |