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Biology Quizlet #8

22 Terms quater 2

TermDefinition
Genetics the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
Heredity Passing of traits from parents to offspring
Inheritance The process in which genetic material is passed from parents to their offspring.
Trait A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.
purebred An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent.
hybrid An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
cross mating of two organisms
gene A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
allele one of a number of different forms of a gene
homozygous having two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous having two different alleles for a trait
genotype An organism's genetic makeup or allele combinations.
Phenotype An organism's physical appearance or visible traits that results from allele interactions
allele frequency a measure of how common a certain allele is in the population
Punnett Square A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
Probability A number that describes how likely it is that a genotype or phenotype will occur
Genotype Frequency a measure of how common a certain genotype is in the population
Phenotype Frequency a measure of how common a certain phenotype is in the population
Law of Segregation Mendel's first law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete
law of independent assortment Mendel's second law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis
dominant allele An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
recessive allele An allele that is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present
Created by: rathburn74
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