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Biological Diversity

Exam #2

QuestionAnswer
The differences between an animal, plant, fungal, and prokaryotic cell
The three domain of life
What taxonomic groups are "Prokaryotes"?
How do we define a species in bacteria and archaea compared to sexually reproducing organisms? What are the limitations of this approach?
. How do gram-positive and gram-negative cells differ?
How do bacteria maintain genetic diversity in the absence of sex? Why is maintenance of genetic diversity important?
What are the three types of horizontal gene transfer? Know not only the terms, but if given an example be able to identify what type it is.
What does it means to be an extremophiles? and be able to give a few examples of the ways that archaea are extremophiles.
How are “Protists” classified [monophyletic or paraphyletic]?
Why are “Protists” and "Prokaryotes” in quotation marks?
What is mitochondria and chloroplasts and what they each evolved from, and understand the theory of endosymbiosis. Be able to explain the evidence for this theory
What are the supergroups of “Protists” and their characteristics?
The importance of the specific adaptations that plants underwent that allowed them to live on land.
What are the synapomorphies for all land plants and the specific groups of plants that we’ve discussed in class?
Were all the ancestor of all plants was terrestrial or aquatic?
The major groups of nonvascular plants, seedless vascular plants, and seed vascular plants .What are their synapomorphies?
How is Peat Moss important ecologically?
What are rhizoids and how do they differ from roots?
The components of the plant life cycle [alternation of generations], including whether each structure or stage is haploid of diploid, single-celled or multicellular?
The components of a seed and how seeds are adaptive (Note: you must also understand what adaptive means)?
When and why gymnosperms replaced seedless plants?
What are the four groups of gymnosperms and their characteristics?
What is the life cycle of seed plants compares to that of seedless plants. What are the male and female gametophytes in gymnosperms and angiosperms?
What are angiosperms? What are their synapomorphies?
What are the components of a seed, flower, and fruit what are the evolutionary benefits of each?
What are the benefits of pollination via animal pollinators vs. wind? Which groups of plants undergo pollination?
How might it be beneficial for a pollinator to be highly specialized on a type of plant and for a plant to have a highly specialized pollinator?
What group of plants dominate today? How can this be explained?
what pollination is and the difference between pollination and seed dispersal?
Why are flowers different colors, shapes, and smells?
How do you distinguish between monocots and dicots?
What group of plants is characterized as either a monocot or dicot?
Whether a plant is haploid, diploid, sporophyte, or gametophyte?
The evolutionary relationship between fungi and plants vs. animals? Which clades are more closely related?
What is a synapomorphy of fungi?
What are the general characteristics of a fungus, including the structure?
What are the benefits of hyphae? What’s the difference between septate and coenocytic hyphae?
What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?
What is monophylum?
What is clade?
What is cocci [in terms of shape of bacteria]?
What is Bacillus/Rod [in terms of shape of bacteria]?
What is Spiral [in terms of shape of bacteria]?
What is Peptidoglycan?
What is Binary Fission?
What is Vertical Gene Transfer?
What is an Horizontal Gene Transfer?
What is Transformation?
What is Conjugation?
What is Transduction?
What is Plasmid?
What is Bacteriphate/Phage
What is Extremophile?
What is Mitochondria?
What is Chloroplasts?
What is primary Endosymbiosis?
What is Autotroph?
What is Heterotroph?
What is Mixotroph?
What is pseudopodia?
What is Feeding groove [Excavating groove]?
What is alveoli?
What is Alternation of Generations?
What is protonema?
What is prothallus {gametophyte of fern}?
What is gametophyte?
What is Gametangia?
What is Antheridium?
What is gametes?
What is sperm?
What is egg?
What is sporophyte?
Created by: user-1757895
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