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Life Science Ch. 3
Flashcards to use to review for test over Ch. 3 Life Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the phase of mitosis when the chromosomes coil up to become visible | prophase |
| the stage of the cell cycle during which genes are copied. | interphase |
| When a chromosome has been duplicated and the copies are still attached | the structures that contain the copies are called |
| flatworm that can reproduce through regeneration | planarian |
| the process made up of mitosis and cytokinesis | cell division |
| the process that equally distributes the cell's chromosomes between two new daughter cells. | mitosis |
| the phase of mitosis when new nuclear membranes form | telophase |
| the phase when the nuclear membrane disappears | prophase |
| the chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the spindle. | metaphase |
| the phase of mitosis when the daughter chromosomes move toward opposite sides | anaphase |
| the phase of mitosis when the chromosomes uncoil and become chromatin material | telophase |
| Division of the cytoplasm during cell division. | cytokinesis |
| a section of DNA that codes for a protein or characteristic | gene |
| the phase of mitosis when the spindle forms | prophase |
| the reproduction of an organism through mitosis | asexual reproduction |
| organisms that reproduce through budding | yeasts |
| the phase of mitosis when the spindle disappears | telophase |
| what sister chromatids are called after they separate | daughter chromosomes |
| a type of asexual reproduction where a swelling forms on a cell and a nucleus and cytoplasm move into the swelling until it pinches off as a new cell | budding |
| the longest stage of the cell cycle | interphase |
| the regrowth of a lost or injured body part | regeneration |
| the phase of mitosis when cytokinesis begins | telophase |
| A type of reproduction in which two organisms each provide genetic material in the form of two reproductive cells that combine to form offspring | sexual reproduction |
| term for the identical offspring of asexual reproduction | clones |
| the three basic purposes of cell division | growth |
| organisms that reproduce through cell division of a eukaryotic unicellular organism | amoeba & paramecium |
| cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms | meiosis |
| DNA making a copy of itself | replication |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| the base that pairs with adenine in DNA | thymine |
| A base found only in RNA | uracil |
| RNA molecule that carries instructions from the DNA to the ribosome for the assembly of proteins | messenger RNA |
| a process that occurs in the nucleus for the making of messenger RNA | transcription |
| the site of protein synthesis | ribosome |
| the assembling of amino acids using the sequence that is coded in the mRNA | protein synthesis |
| type of RNA that brings and places amino acids into the correct sequence in protein synthesis | transfer RNA |
| each group of three bases in RNA or DNA that codes for a specific amino acid | codon |
| larger part of a nucleotide that makes up the side of the ladder | sugar |
| organic substances that act as enzymes | antibodies and building blocks |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| Term (adjective) that describes cells that have half the normal number of chromosomes | haploid |
| Term for any haploid cell used for sexual reproduction | gamete |
| Examples of types of gametes | egg |
| Term (adjective) that describes cells and organisms that have pairs of chromosomes. | diploid |
| the process in which two gametes are united | fertilization |
| the diploid cell that results from fertilization | zygote |
| the process that produces haploid cells | meiosis |
| The base not found in RNA | thymine |
| the term for the group of three bases that are found on the tRNA and that connect with the corresponding three bases in mRNA | anti-codon |
| The substances which are proteins that control chemical processes such as protein synthesis | replication & transcription. |
| the location of replication | nucleus |
| the location of protein synthesis | the ribosomes in the cytoplasm or on the ER |
| the location of transcription | nucleus |
| the principle that is supported by the fact that all the pieces of the processes of transcription and protein synthesis have to be in place at the same time | irreducible complexity |
| the substances carried by the tRNA to the ribosomes | amino acids |
| the process in which the language of genes is translated into the language of amino acid chains | protein synthesis |
| The two processes most necessary to produce substances that act as building blocks and enzymes | transcription and protein synthesis |
| The process necessary to produce the sister chromatids during interphase. | replication |
| The two processes that make up cell division | mitosis and cytokinesis |
| examples of asexual reproduction | cell division of a unicellular organism |
| the set of fibers that help arrange sister chromatids during mitosis | spindle |
| The collection of all the nucleotides of a mRNA that code for a protein could also be called a _______ | gene |
Created by:
Mr.JFoster
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