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Biology Unit 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mitotic Phase (Cell Cycle) | DNA and cytoplasmic contents are separated and the cell divides |
| Interphase (Cell Cycle) | Cell grows and DNA is replicated |
| G1 Phase (Cell Cycle) | The cell is assumulating the building blocks of chromosomal DNA and the associated proteins, as well as enough energy reserves to complete the task of replicating each chromosome in the nucleus |
| S Phase (Cell Cycle) | The Cell duplicates all genetic content |
| Mitotic Spindle | Apparatus that orchestrates movement of chromosomes during mitosis |
| G2 Phase (Cell Cycle) | Proteins necessary to split the chromosomes and divide the cell in half are produced |
| Prophase (Mitosis) | Nuclear envelope breaks down, centrosomes move to opposite poles, and chromosomes become visible. (Sister chromatids are now visible under a light microscope) |
| Prometaphase (Mitosis) | Nucleur envelope disappears and each sister chromatid attaches to spindle microtubules at the centromere |
| Metaphase (Mitosis) | Chromosomes are maximally condensed and are aligned on the equatorial plane, the sister chromatids are still tightly attached to one another |
| Anaphase (Mitosis) | Sister chromatids are split apart at the centromere, each chromosome is pulled rapidly toward the centrosome (opposite poles of the cell). The cell becomes visibly elongated. |
| Telophase (Mitosis) | Chromsomes reach the opposite poles and begin to loosen, new nuclear envelopes begin to form, the mitotic spindle breaks down, and spindle fibers push the poles apart |
| Sister chromatid | Single chromosome |
| Cytokinesis (Animal) | Following the onset of anaphase, A contractile ring composed of actin filaments, forms just inside the plasma membrane at the former metaphase plate, the actin filaments pull the equator of the cell inward |
| Cytokinesis (Plant) | Golgi Apparatus accumulates enzymes, structural proteins, and glucose molecules before breaking up. During telophase the Golgi moves along microtubules, they fuse from the center of the cell toward the cell walls. The cell plate fuses with the cell wall. |
| G0 phase (Mitosis) | An inactive stage of the cell outside of the cell cycle. Cells remain temporarily until an external signal triggers the onset of g1, some cells like mature cardiac muscle and nerve cells remain in g0 permanently. |
| G1 checkpoint | Checks for damage to the genomic DNA |
| G2 checkpoint | jj |
Created by:
breyannawilliam
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