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Biology H Biochem

Intended for use in Biology Honors in the High School level.

QuestionAnswer
Atomic Number The number of protons and electrons in the atom. No decimal
Atomic Mass The weight of the atom. Larger than atomic number. Written as a decimal.
Nucleus (atom) The center of an atom.
Charge Protons: Positive/+ Neutrons: Negative/- Electrons: Neutral/0; equal to protons
How to find amount of neutrons Atomic mass - Atomic number
2-8-8 rule (First 18 elements) The first shell has at most 2 electrons. The second shell has at most 8 electrons. The third shell has the rest if any are left over.
Organic compounds Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen together. It is made by living or once living organisms.
Inorganic compounds Compounds that don't contain carbon and hydrogen together made from never living objects.
The four types of organic compounds Carbohydrates (Carbs), Protein, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates are... sugars
Those sugars are... glucose and starch
Simple sugars end in... OSE
The elements of carbs are... CHO (1:2:1)
Building blocks of carbs... Glucose (C^6 H^12 O^6)
Foods with carbs. Bread, rice, fruits
Function of carbs. Quick sugar
Proteins are... HEAP (hormones, enzymes, antibodies, part of cell membranes)
The elements of protein are... CHON
Building blocks of protein... Amino acids
Function of HEAP... Heat/homeostasis
Function of ribosomes... To do protein synthesis
Lipids are... Fats, oils, and wax
The elements of lipids are... CHO (no ratio)
Building blocks of lipids... Glycerol + 3 Fatty acids
Saturated fats Are also hydrogenated fats and lead to heart disease
Nucleic Acids are... DNA & RNA
The elements of nucleic acids are... CHONP
Building blocks of nucleic acids... Nucleotides
The function of nucleic acids are... For DNA: hereditary material (genes) passed to offspring For RNA: DNA's helper
Structure of nucleotide A elongated pentagon with phosphate on the left and a base on the right
Synthesis Building a complex molecule. Dehydration synthesis takes out water.
Hydrolysis Breakdown/digest using water
ATP Energy
Shape of glucose A hexagon with C, H, and OH for four corners, C and H for one corner, and O and CH^2OH for the last corner
Cellulose A type of sugar found in plants. Glucose molecules made during photosynthesis are combined to make this complex carb (sugar).
Structure of DNA Made of many nucleotides and double-helix shaped
Other name of protein Peptides
Peptide bonds Bonds that keep amino acids together as protein (peptide).
Created by: Mabel Tenesaca
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