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Stack #397281
HIV/Aids
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does HIV stand for? | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| IN 1985 HIV was found to be the virus that causes what? | AIDS |
| What does AIDS stands for? | Acquired Immunodefiency Syndrome |
| Largest increasing group affected by HIV/AIDS? | teens and females |
| HIV/AIDS is the second leading cause of death among what age group? | 25-44 yr |
| What factors make HIV/AIDS the second leading cause of death among 25-44yr old? | Lack of access to health care and educationHigher incidences of IV drug abuseHigher risks sexual pratices |
| How soon can HIV be transmitted to another? | within a few days of being infected |
| Actual infection of host after exposure depends on what 4 things? | Duration and freq of contactVolume of fluidVirulence and concentration of organismHost immune system |
| Why is HIV considered a fragile virus? | it can only be contracted through specific conditions that allow contact with infected body fluids |
| What are the four bodily fluids that can transmitt HIV? | semen, blood, vaginal secretions, breast milk |
| Why is recieving a blood transfusion still considered a risk for contraction of HIV? | Even though the blood is tested, it may not test positive due to the low viral load |
| Which grp of viruses does HIV belong too? | retroviruses |
| What does it mean to b a retrovirus? | a virus that carries its genetic info in RNA instead of DNA |
| What does the virus have to infect inorder to multiple? | a living cell |
| What is HIV's man target? | WBC |
| Particularly what WBCs does HIV attack? | CD4 + Tlymphocytes |
| What do the CD4 and THelper cells do for the body? | allow the immune system to recongnize and defend the body against pathogens |
| Step 1 is HIV invading what? | CD4 and T lymphs |
| Step 2-HIV enters the cells when the gp120 knobs on the viral envelopes bind to what? | specific CD4 receptors on the cells surface |
| Step 3- HIV uses reverse transcriptase to reprogram what? | CD4 cells |
| Step 4- Where is the viral DNA incorporated with in? | Tcell's permanent genetic structure |
| Step 5- means what has occured | initial infection |
| Stage 1: lasting only a few weeks in length is ... | Acute Infection (Viralemia) |
| Stage 2: Lasting 10-12 yrs; viral activity occuring at constant rate | Chronic Infection |
| Stage 3 of HIV | Intermediate chronic infection |
| Stage 4 has high viral activity | AIDS |
| Clinical Manifestations of an Acute Infection | Fever, sore throat, arthralgias, myalgias, H/A, rash, lymphadenopathy, N/V, abd cramping |
| During what stage is the virus present and replicating? | Early chronic infection stage 2 |
| During stage 2 can HIV be transmitted? | yes |
| Patient may feel fatigued, HA, low grade fever, night sweats, and other sx the cd4 count is decreasing but above 500 | stage 2 early chronic infection |
| Viral load is rising, cd4 coutn has dropped between 200 to 500 | stage 3 intermediate chronic infection |
| HIV advanced to more active state; sx: persistent fever, chronic diarrhea, lymphadenopathy, and nervous system manifestations | stage 3 intermediate chronic infection |
| Thrush and leukoplakia are common at this stage of the infection | stage 3 |
| three factors defined as to have AIDS | HIV+. CD4 counts <200, oppurtunistic infections and CA |
| Common Opportunistic Infections/ CA Associated with AIDS | AIDS dementia complexPneumocystis Carinii PneumoniaTuberculosisMycobacterium Avium ComplexKaposi's Sarcoma |
| THe neurological manifestation of HIV is | Encephalopathy- affects cognition, motor, and behavior |
| S/S of ADC | fever, cough, SOB, chest pain, cyanosis |
| How do you diagnose ADC | bronchial washings, secretions, CXrsp distress, tachypnea, hypoxemia |
| Tuberuculosis Mycobacterium manifestations | rapid progress, disseminated disease, diffuse pulmonary infiltrates |
| S/S of TB | cough, purulent sputum, fever, fatigue, weight loss, lymphadenopathy |
| How do you diagnose TB | CXR, sputum AFB stain and culture, |
| MAC manifestations | watery diarrhea, weight loss |
| S/S of MAC | chills, fever, weakness, night sweats, abd pain, diarrhea, weight loss |
| DX of MAC | small bowell block |
| MAC is the major cause of | wasting syndrome |
| Other infections | Herpes simplex, Herpes Zoster, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptosporidium, Vaginal Candidiasis |
| Most common cancer associated with AIDS | Kaposi's Sarcoma |
| Manifestations of KS | flat or raised lesions brownish pink to deep purple affection the skin, face, tip of nose, pinnae of ears, affects viscera-GI tract, lungs, lymphatic system. |
| S/S of KS | Internally, tumors may obstruct organ fx or cause bleeding pulmonary hemorrhage |
| DX of KS | GI series, Biopsy |
Created by:
gatesreichard.sn
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