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Exam 1 Bailey Review
Claire Bailey Micro Exam 1 FCCJ
| test 1-word or question | test 1-answer or comment |
|---|---|
| Robert Hooke | Named the cell. Ex: If you get caught hooking, you are taken to jail and then locked in a cell. Hooke-Cell. |
| Antony van Leeuwenhoek | created the first microscope; discovered animalcules. Ex: L, M: leave me alone. |
| Louis Pasteur | disproved spontaneous generation for microscopic (small) organisms, worked on fermentation. Used vaccination against anthrax and rabies. Father of Pasteurization. Father of Microbiology, created the swan-neck flask. |
| Francesco Redi | disproved spontaneous generation of macroscopic (large) organisms (notably maggots in rotting meat). |
| John Tyndall | Put an end to spontaneous generation. Tyndall showed that the reason for s.g. was that hay contained spores which could survive even after long exposure to high temperature. intermittent boiling, Tyndallization. Ex: S.T. stop taking. |
| Schleiden & Schwann | devised the Cell Theory-Fundamental unit of life: It is the unit of structure in living things, retains a dual existence as a distinct entity and a building block in the construction of organisms, form by free-cell formation. |
| David H Bergey | Published the Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, now called the American Society for Microbiology. It covers every known species of bacterium. Ex: Bergey-Book: BB |
| Ernst Haeckel | proposed the 3rd kingdom - protista (algae, protozoa, fungi). Ex: HP-Hewlett Packard. |
| Carl Linneus | created the binomial system of nomenclature; often called the Father of Taxonomy (system for naming, ranking, and classifying organisms). EX: BC |
| Name the six major groups of organisms studied in microbiology. | algae, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, rickettsiae. Ex: All Babies have Fun Playing in RVs. |
| Characteristics of living organisms | Think about what people do: Reproduce, Eat-in order to mebabolize, use food for energy and grow, Excrete waste, React 2 chgs in environ-irritability and susceptibility to mutations (mutate). |
| Microbiology | the study of living things that cannot be seen with the naked eye. |
| Phycology | the study of algae (simple plants which are mostly unicellular). Makes up 90% of our oxygen. Are unicellular (singele-celled). |
| Bacteriology | the study of bacteria; a science that deals with bacteria and their relations to medicine, industry, and agriculture. |
| Mycology | the study of fungus; a branch of biology dealing with fungi. |
| Protozoology | the study of protozoans (as amoebas, trypanosomes, sporozoans, and paramecia). |
| Parasitology | the study of parasites, especially among animals. |
| Virology | the study of viruses; the branch of science dealing with viruses. |
| Coenocytic | multinucleate cytoplasmic mass enclosed by a cell wall (Slime molds, fungi and algae). Fungi that appears as a blob and is multi-nucleated. |
| anaerobic | living, active, occurring or existing in the absence of oxygen. |
| aerobic | living, active, occurring or existing in the presence of oxygen. |
| prokaryotic | having cells lacking membrane bound nuclei; does not have a distinct nucleus. Pro = before. Therefore prokaryotic occurs before the real nucleus appears. A population of cells with similar characteristics. |
| eukaryotic | a single cell organism whose cells contain a distinct membrane; true nucleus; an organism composed of one or more cells containing visibly evident nuclei and organelles. A group of closely related organisms that can interbreed. |
| abiogenesis | the generalization or supposed development of living organism from non living matter; the supposed spontaneous origination of living organisms directly from lifeless matter. ABIO-not the real Genesis (beginning). Another name for spontaneous generation. |
| Spontaneous Generation | living things being created from nonliving things; the idea that non-living objects can give rise to living organisms; brought about by John Needham. Ex: mice spontaneously appear in stored grain or maggots spontaneously appear in meat. |
| Tyndallization | fractional sterilization-boiled or steamed for 30 minutes in a pot with lid for three days in a row to kill spores. |
| Pasteurization | the process of mild heating food for the purpose of killing harmful organisms such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, molds, and yeasts; heating for 30 min @ 68C and immediatly cooling 10C. |
| nomenclature | way of classifying plants of animal; the system of naming things. |
| taxonomy | the science of the classification of organisms. Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
| fungi | Multi-cellular plants without chlorophyll. |
| Algae | benefical use is oxygen production, food, agar |
| bacteria | benefits by making food, decay, recycling |
| Protozoa | benefit ( Food, recycling) |
| a, an | without, not |
| ab- | from, away from |
| ad- | near, toward |
| aden- | gland |
| aer- | air |
| -algia | pain |
| angio- | vessel |
| ante- | before |
| anti- | against |
| arth- | joint |
| bi- | two, double |
| cardio- | heart - cardiology |
| centesis | puncture - abdominocentesis |
| cephal- | head, brain - cephalic |
| cerebr- | brain - cerebrum |
| cervi- | neck - cervical |
| chir- | hand - chiropractic |
| chole- | bile - cholera |
| co, con- | together, with - cooperation |
| contra- | against, opposite - contraindicated |
| crain- | skull - cranium |
| cysto- | bladder, sac - cystocystilis |
| cyt- | cell - cytology |
| derm- | skin - dermitis |
| dys- | bad, difficult - dysentery |
| ec- | out - ectopic |
| -ectasis | expansion, dilation - esophagectasis |
| -ectomy | excision - tonsillectomy |
| em, en | in - endemic |
| -emia | blood - anemia |
| encephal- | brain - encephalitis |
| end- | within - endoscope |
| enter- | intestine - enteritis |
| epi, ep- | upon, at, in addition to - epidermis |
| ex- | out, away from - excommunicate |
| gastr- | stomach - gastritis |
| -genic | origin - collagenic |
| glyco- | sweet - glycolysis |
| hem, hemat- | blood - hematocrit |
| hemi- | half - hemisphere |
| hepat- | liver - hepatitis |
| hyper- | above, excessive - hypertension |
| hypo- | beneath, below - hypodermic |
| hyster- | uterus - hysterectomy |
| -iasis | condition, formation of - elephantiasis |
| -itis | inflammation - hepatitis |
| leuc, leuk- | white - leucopoenia |
| lip- | fat - lipid |
| lith- | stone - lithograph |
| -lysis | dissolution, breaking down - hemolysis |
| -malacia | softening - candionalacia |
| -megaly | enlargement - cephalnimegaly |
| mening- | membrane - menigitis |
| metr- | uterus - endometriosis |
| myel- | marrow - myeloma |
| myo- | muscle - myocarditis |
| neph- | kidney - nephritis |
| -oid | like - android |
| -oma | tumor - melanoma |
| ophtalm- | eye - ophthalmologist |
| -oscopy | inspection, examination - laparoscopy |
| -osis | condition, pathological, disease - mononucleosis, psitacosis |
| -plasty | surgical correction, plastic repair of - cervicoplasty |
| osteo- | bone - osteopath |
| -ostomy | creation of a more or less permanent - colostomy |
| -otomy | incision into - tracheotomy |
| para, par- | beside, around, abnormal - parapsychology |
| -pathy | disease - psycology |
| -penia | deficiency, decrease - leukopenia |
| peri- | around, about - perimeter |
| pneum- | lung, air - pneumonia |
| pre- | before, in front of - precede |
| pro- | in front of, before - procrastinate |
| procto- | rectum, anus - proctoscope |
| psycho- | soul, mind - psychologist |
| -ptosis | falling - esophgoptosis |
| pyel- | pelvis - pyelogram |
| pyo- | pus - pyogenic |
| pyro- | fever or heat - pyrogenic |
| radi- | ray - radiation |
| retro- | backward, behind - retrospective |
| -rrhapy | suture - cysticorrhapy |
| -rrhexis | rupture - cardiorhexis |
| semi- | half - semiannually |
| -spasm | involuntary contractions - bronchospasm |
| sub- | under, beneath, below - submarine |
| super, supra- | above, superior - superman |
| sym, syn- | with, among, together - sympathetic |
| trache- | neck - tracheotomy |
| trans- | across, over - transatlantic |
| tri- | three - trilogy |
| tubercul- | tubercle - tuberculosis |
| viscer- | organ - eviscerate |
| hierarchial order of organization of the microbial world | atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cell, tissue, organism |
| atom | electrons, protons, neutrons |
| molecule | 2 or more atoms |
| covalent bond | sharing of electrons |
| electron | neg charge |
| proton | positive charge |
| neutron | neutral charge |
| denatured protein | breakdown of tertiary structure |
| peptide bond | join 2 amino acids by removal of water |
| wax | fatty acid and alchol |
| compound lipid | contains s,n,p |
| polar bond | electrons not shared = |
| Non polar | electrons are shared = |
| polymer | repeating small molecules joined together by removal of water |
| hydrolysis | addition of water to break polymer |
| nucleoside | nitrogenous base + sugar |
| ester bond | bond between fatty acid + glycerol |
| nucleotide | nitrogenous base + sugar+ phosphate |
| The types of bonding possible between atoms | covalent, ionic, hydrogen, vanderwall |
| The 3 main groups of carbohydrates | Mono(glucose,galactose, manose, Frutose) Oligo (lactose, maltose, sucrose, cellobiose) Polysaccharides ( cellulose, glycogen, starch) |
| The characteristics of a Eukaryon | meiosis, mitosis, has neuclear membrane, chromosomes |
| The characteristics of Prokaryons | No nuclear membrane, 1 chromosome, no mitosis, or meiosis |
| Pyriidines | cytosine, uracil, thymine |
| Purines | adenine, Guanine |
Created by:
cafe Latte
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