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Cell Bio

2nd Lecture

TermDefinition
Types of Connective Tissue Proper Loose (Areolar CT)
Types of Connective Tissue Proper 2 Reticular
Types of Connective Tissue Proper 3 Adipose (Fat)
Types of Connective Tissue Proper 4 Dense
Types of Connective Tissue Proper 5 Regular
Types of Connective Tissue Proper 6 Irregular
Fibroblasts Most common cell type in connective tissue
Fibroblast functions Synthesize fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic)
Fibroblast functions 2 Synthesize Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
Fibroblast functions 3 Glycosaminoglycans
Fibroblast functions 4 Glycoproteins
Fibrocytes spindle shape
Fibrocytes 2 fewer processes
Fibrocytes 3 darker
Fibrocytes 4 elongated nucleus
Fibrocytes 5 acidophilic cytoplasm
Fibrocytes 6 small amount of RER
Fibrocytes functions directly contribute to fibrosis of tissues throughout the body by producing collagen following injury, during disease, and with aging
What do Mast Cells secrete? heparin - anticoagulent !!!
What do Mast Cells secrete? 2 histamine - increases capillary permeability !!!
What do Mast Cells secrete? 3 ECF-A (Eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis)
What do Mast Cells secrete? 4 NCF-A (Neutrophil chemotactic factor)
What do Mast Cells secrete? 5 leukotrienes
What do Mast Cells secrete? 6 prostaglandin
What do Mast Cells secrete? 7 thromboxane
What do Mast Cells secrete? 8 platelet-activating factor
Histiocytes (Macrophages) Irregular shape
Histiocytes (Macrophages) 2 Nucleus: oval eccentric kidney shape
Histiocytes (Macrophages) 3 granular lysosomes
Histiocytes (Macrophages) 4 pseudopodia
Histiocytes functions ingestion by phagocytosis
Histiocytes functions 2 microorganisms
Histiocytes functions 3 bacteria
Histiocytes functions 4 viruses
Histiocytes functions 5 fungi
Histiocytes functions 6 parasites
Histiocytes functions 7 Particulate matter such as dust
Histiocytes functions 8 participate in the breakdown of aged cells, including erythrocytes
Plasma Cells derive from B lymphocytes
Plasma Cells 2 eccentric nucleus
Plasma Cells 3 dark staining cytoplasm
Plasma Cells 4 lots of RER
Plasma Cells 5 do not leave the connective tissue
Plasma Cell Functions Produce Antibodies
Pericytes are associated with small blood vessels
Pericytes 2 as contractile cells
Pericytes 3 probably as pluripotential cells
Leukocytes (Types) Lymphocytes
Leukocytes (Types) 2 Granulocytes
Leukocytes (Types) 3 Monocytes (Histiocytes)
Types of Lymphocytes B lymphocutes
Types of Lymphocytes 2 T lymphocytes
Types of Lymphocytes 3 Natural killer (NK)
Types of Granulocytes Neutrophils
Types of Granulocytes 2 Eosinophils
Types of Granulocytes 3 Basophils
The Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS) Macrophages (Histiocytes)
The Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS) 2 Kupffer cells of the liver
The Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS) 3 alveolar macrophages of the lung
The Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS) 4 osteoclasts
The Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS) 5 microglia
Myofibroblasts part fibroblastic, part muscle-like cells
Myofibroblasts 2 having a contractile apparatus similar to the smooth muscle cells
Myofibroblasts function injury repair after wounding
Melanocytes pigment cells found in the connective tissues, skin, and eyes
Melanocyte function produce melanin in order to absorb UV light
Types of Adipose Cells White (one big fat droplet)
Types of Adipose Cells 2 Brown (many fat droplets within the cell)
Types of Resident (Permanent) Cells Fibroblasts/Fibrocytes
Types of Resident (Permanent) Cells 2 Mast Cells
Types of Resident (Permanent) Cells 3 Histiocytes
Types of Resident (Permanent) Cells 4 Plasma Cells
Types of Resident (Permanent) Cells 5 Pericytes
Types of Transient Cells Leukocytes
Other Cell Types (Connective Tissue Proper) Myofibroblasts
Other Cell Types (Connective Tissue Proper) 2 Melanocytes
Other Cell Types (Connective Tissue Proper) 3 Fat Cells (Adipose Cells)
Types of Fibers Collagen (I-VII, IX, XII)
Types of Fibers 2 Lay in parallel manner
Types of Fibers 3 Reticular (Collagen III)
Types of Fibers 4 Elastin
Main Types of Collagen Collagen Type I
Main Types of Collagen 2 Collagen Type II
Main Types of Collagen 3 Collagen Type III
Main Types of Collagen 4 Collagen Type IV
Collagen Type I 90% of all collagen
Collagen Type I.2 made by fibroblasts, osteoblasts
Collagen Type I.3 forms bone, tendons, skin
Collagen Type II Forms FIBRILS, not FIBERS
Collagen Type II.2 made by chondroblasts
Collagen Type II.3 found in cartilage
Collagen Type III.2 made by fibroblasts, reticular cells, smooth muscle cells, Schwann cells, hepatocytes
Collagen Type III.3 component of reticular fibers in lymphoid organs
Collagen Type IV made by endothelial cells, epithelial cells, muscle cells, Schwann Cells
Collagen Type IV.2 found in blood vessels, epidermis, lining body cavities, skeletal and smooth muscle, heart, nerve fibers
Reticular Fibers made by fibroblasts, reticular cells, smooth muscle cells, Schwann cells, hepatocytes
Where are Reticular fibers found? in the tissues and organs of the lymphatic system
Where are Reticular fibers found? 2 spleen, lymph nodes
Where are Reticular fibers found? 3 liver
Where are Reticular fibers found? 4 bone marrow
Components of Elastic Fibers elastin
Components of Elastic Fibers 2 fibrillin-1
Components of Elastic Fibers 3 fibulin-5
Components of Elastic Fibers 4 Type VIII collagen
Where are Elastic Fibers found? Connective Tissue Proper
Where are Elastic Fibers found? 2 Elastic Cartilage
Where are Elastic Fibers found? 3 Skin
Where are Elastic Fibers found? 4 Lungs
Where are Elastic Fibers found? 5 Arteries
Where are Elastic Fibers found? 6 Veins
Where are Elastic Fibers found? 7 Fetal Tissue
Types of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) hyaluronic acid
Types of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 2 chondroitin 4-sulfate
Types of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 3 chondroitin 6-sulfate
Types of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 4 dermatan sulfate
Types of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 5 heparan sulfate
Types of Proteoglycans (GAGs + Proteins) aggrecan and others
Types of Glycoproteins fibronectin and others
Types of Glycoproteins 2 laminin
Loose Connective Tissue (LCT) Composition Cells (all types)
Loose Connective Tissue (LCT) Composition 2 Fibers (all fiber types represented)
Loose Connective Tissue (LCT) Composition 3 Ground Substance
Ground Substance characterized as an amorphous jelly
Ground Substance 2 thought to occur in sheet-like lamellae
Where is the LCT found? attaches epithelial layers to underlying tissues
Where is the LCT found? 2 STROMA in the interiors of many organs
Where is the LCT found? 3 located around blood vessels, nerves, and ducts
Where is the LCT found? 4 a packing material in spaces between tissues
STROMA a general bedding substance found in the interiors of many organs
Functions of LCT Support (STROMA)
Functions of LCT 2 Transport
Functions of LCT 3 Defense
Functions of LCT 4 Repair
1st function - Support (STROMA), functions mechanically by: providing support with mobility
1st function - Support (STROMA), functions mechanically by: 2 increasing elasticity in tissues
1st function - Support (STROMA), functions mechanically by: 3 providing pathways for blood vessels and nerves
1st function - Support (STROMA), functions mechanically by: 4 packing unused spaces in the body
2nd function - Transport allows the movement of food, oxygen, and waste between capillaries and tissue cells
3rd function - Defense the ground substance of the the LCT impedes the spread of pathogenic organisms except those for which can digest the ground substance
3rd function - Defense 2 phagocytic cells in the tissue can destroy microbes
4th function - Repair the fibroblasts of LCT produce new fiber and ground substance to repair damage
Dense Connective Tissue (DCT) contains relatively few cells with much greater numbers of collagen fibers
Types of DCT Regular
Types of DCT 2 Irregular
Regular DCT closely-packed, dense, arranged fiber bundles with clear orientation and relatively few cells
Regular DCT 2 major cell type: fibroblast
Regular DCT 3 attaches muscles to bone or to other muscles, and bone to bone
Regular DCT 4 found in tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses
Irregular DCT bundles of collagen fibers that appear to be fairly randomly oriented
Irregular DCT 2 major cell type: fibroblast
Irregular DCT 3 withstands tension in many directions providing structural strength
Irregular DCT 4 found in the dermis, submucosa of the digestive tract, fibrous organ capsules
Reticular Connective Tissue stellate shaped cells
Reticular Connective Tissue 2 forms network of thin fibers
Where is Reticular Connective Tissue found? bone marrow
Where is Reticular Connective Tissue found? 2 lymphoid organs
Where is White Adipose Tissue found? beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat)
Where is White Adipose Tissue found? 2 around internal organs (visceral fat)
Where is White Adipose Tissue found? 3 in bone marrow (yellow bone marrow)
Where is White Adipose Tissue found? 4 in breast tissue
Where is Brown Adipose Tissue found? newborns of all mammals
Where is Brown Adipose Tissue found? 2 in species which hibernate
Where is Brown Adipose Tissue found? 3 present in man throughout life
Adipose Tissue functions to store energy in the form of lipids
Adipose Tissue functions 2 heat production
Adipose Tissue functions 3 to produce
Adipose Tissue functions 4 Adiponectin
Adipose Tissue functions 5 Resistin
Adipose Tissue functions 6 Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
Adipose Tissue functions 7 TNFalpha
Adipose Tissue functions 8 IL-6
Adipose Tissue functions 9 Leptin
Adipose Tissue functions 10 Estradiol (E2)
Adipose Tissue functions 11 secretes adipokines (ADIPOCYTOKINES)
General Features of Connective Tissue contain less cells and more intercellular substance
General Features of Connective Tissue 2 no polarity
General Features of Connective Tissue 3 blood vessels and nerves
General Features of Connective Tissue 4 widely distributed
Created by: j_kasprzak
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