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Macromolecules
HBIO3 unit 3 oct 23
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Monomers are | Building blocks - smaller pieces put together to make bigger pieces |
| Polymers are | The finished structure |
| All organic macromolecules are | Carbon based |
| The 4 organic macromolecules that are important to us are | -Carbohydrates -Proteins -Lipids -Nucleic Acid |
| Carbohydrates abbreviation is | CHO - 1 carbon, 2 hydrogens, and 1 oxygen - 2 H per every O or C |
| Carbohydrates monomers are | Monosaccharides |
| Examples of carbohydrates are | -Glycogen -Starch -Cellulose -Chitin All of these are polysaccharides |
| Carbohydrates are used for | -Energy (cells burn glucose) -Structure |
| Monosaccharides include | -Glucose (C6,H12,O6) -Fructose (C5,H10,O5) -Galactose (C6,H12,O6) |
| Disaccharides are | 2 monosaccharides put together |
| Disaccharides include | -Sucrose (glucose +fructose) -Maltose (glucose + glucose) -Lactose (glucose + galactose) |
| Bonds between monosaccharides are | Glycosidic linkages |
| Structural CHOs are | -Cellulose -Chitin |
| Cellulose... | -Make up plant cell walls -Stringy -Humans don't have the enzymes to digest it -fiber |
| Chitin... | Makes up: -fungi cell walls -exoskeletons of insects -exoskeletons of crustaceans (calcified chitin - can be broken down by heat) |
| Storage CHOs are | Glycogen and Starch |
| Starch... | Is how plants store sugar |
| Glycogen... | Is how animals store sugar, mainly in the muscles and liver |
| Protein's abbreviation is | PRO |
| Protein's monomers are | Amino Acids (Aa) - 26 in nature, 20 to make up our protiens |
| Examples of protein's are | -Collagen - fibers and most common protein in human (in every tissue) -Catalase |
| Collagen is used for | Structure |
| Catalase is used for | Enzymes |
| The 4 protein conformations are | -Primary 1° -Secondary 2° -Tertiary 3° -Quaternary 4° |
| Primary is | Sequence of amino acids o-o-o-o-o-o |
| Secondary is | Alpha helix (α) and Beta Sheet (β) - happens because of H+ bonds |
| Tertiary is | Folding of the entire protein because of distant H+ bonds |
| Quaternary is | Number of proteins in a molecule |
| Peptide bonds are | bond between amino acids in a protein |
| Lipid's abbreviation is | LPD? - no common abbriviation |
| Lipid's monomers are | Fatty acids and glycerol |
| Examples of lipids | -Body fat -Phospholipids -Estrogen |
| Lipids are used for | -Storing energy - body fat -Temperature control - body fat -Cell membranes - phospholipids -Hormones (steroids) - estrogen |
| Nucleic Acid's abbreviation is | NA? - no common abbreviation |
| Nucleic Acid's monomers are | Nucleotides |
| Examples of Nucleic Acids are | -Deoxyribonucleic acid - DNA -Ribonucleic acid - RNA |
| Nucleic Acids are used for | -Genetic information storage - DNA -Proteinsynthesis - RNA and DNA |
| Identifier for protein is | burettes - 5 drops |
| Results for protein is | Purple = positive Pink = peptide |
| Identifier for starch is | Iodine - 1 drop |
| Results for starch is | Black = positive |
| Identifier for sugar is | Benedict - 5 drops |
| Results for sugar is | Red, orange, yellow, green, brick red after 5-10 mins = positive |
| Results for lipid is | Greasy stain after 20 mins = positive |
Created by:
erica.y
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