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365 Exam 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| diarrhea | passage of at least 3 liquid stools per day |
| stool cultures | detect viral, bacterial or parasitic |
| blood cultures for diarrhea | signs of sepsis, systemic infection |
| bismuth subsalicylate | treats traveler's diarrhea |
| fecal incontinence assessments | bowel patterns, skin damage |
| hemorrhoids | result of valsalva maneuvers and compression from hard impacted stools |
| food to prevent constipation | fruit, vegetables, grains; increased fiber of 20 to 30 grams, fluids and exercise |
| acute abdominal problem | damage to organs leads to inflammation, infection, obstruction, bleeding and perforation |
| abdominal pain | fetal position, inability to find comfort |
| bisacodyl | stimulant laxative |
| lupus treatment plasmapheresis side effects | hypotension and citrate toxicity |
| HLA system | involves antigens responsible for rejection of unlike tissues |
| crossmatch | best to perform to prevent rejection, determines existence of antibodies; uses serum from recipient mixed with donor lymphocytes |
| all transplant patients | on lifelong immunosuppressants which increase their risk for infection |
| hyperacute rejection | within 24 hours, transplant is removed |
| acute rejection | first 6 months, treat with immunosuppressive therapy |
| chronic rejection | months to years, irreversible |
| calcineuron inhibitors | most effective, prevent cell mediated attack; tacromilus; nephrotoxicity |
| corticosteroids | suppress inflammatory response; prednisone; can delay wound healing |
| cytotoxic drugs | inhibit purine synthesis; mycophenalate mofetil can cause GI toxicity |
| educate why rejection occurs | why it occurs, how it is treated, how often it occurs, when it occurs |
| ileostomy output | liquid to thin paste since it did not enter the colon; involuntary; more susceptible to obstruction |
| sigmoid colostomy | normal formed stool |
| end stoma | dividing the bowel and bringing out proximal end; distal GI tract can be removed or oversewn |
| oversewn distal GI tract | Hartman's pouch |
| loop stoma | loop of bowel to abdominal surface and opening anterior wall to provide fecal diversion; one stoma proximal open for feces, distal opening for mucus drainage |
| double barrel stoma | proximal stoma is functioning; distal stoma is mucous fistula |
| diverticulitis signs and symptoms | LLQ pain, distention, decreased BS, N/V |
| diverticulitis diagnosis | CT with oral contrast, CBC, Xray |
| hernias | likely occur in men - 25% chance |
| strangulated hernias | vomiting and cramping, distention and pain |
| laprascopic surgery for a hernia | herniorrhaphy; measure I&O, may retain urine and have distended bladder; scrotal edema |
| most common symptom of GERD | heartburn |
| hiatal herna medical emergency | rolling; slips through diaphragm |
| hiatal hernia symptoms | heartburn, regurgitation |
| H2 blocker | decrease acid production in stomach |
| gastric ulcers | high epigastric pain; 1 to 2 hours after meal, burning or gaseous; food worsens |
| duodenal ulcers | mid epigastric, beneath xiphoid process pain occurs 2 to 5 hours after eating; food buffers and helps with burning and cramp like; small intestine |
| endoscopy | diagnosis for an ulcer |
| perforation | most lethal ulcer complication; rigid and boardlike abdomen |
| gastric outlet obstruction | constipation; scar tissue formation, edema, dilation; worsening pain at the end of the day as stomach fills and dilates |
| risk for peptic ulcer disease | NSAID and corticosteroids |
| airborne precaution | organism suspended through the air; TB, rubeola |
| droplet precaution | organism spread through close contact in air; influenza, pertussis, bacterial meningitis |
| contact precaution | direct or indirect contact with organism; MRSA, VRE, C diff |
| HIV symptoms | persistent fever, night sweats, diarrhea, headache, fatigue |
| HIV symptomatic | CD4 less than 500 |
| AIDS | CD4 less than 200, presence of an opportunistic infection |
| antiretroviral therapy | suppress HIV replication, prevent opportunistic diseases, decrease chance of transmission, delay symptoms, decrease viral load |
| peritonitis | rebound abdominal pain, pain worsens with movement |
| crohn's disease | any segment of GI tract from mouth to anus; cobblestone appearance |
| ulcerative colitis | only affects colon and rectum; can lead to megacolon |
| LINX for GERD | magnets strengthen LES; no MRI |
| coffee ground blood | slow bleed, stomach acid changes color |
| hematemesis | most unstable |
| melena, black | gone through digestive tract, in stool |
| bright red | above stomach, high in GI tract |
| BUN GI bleed | increased protein breakdown with significant bleeding |
| 4 signs of obstruction | abdominal pain, bloating or distention, constipation and vomiting |
| appendicitis pain | dull, periumbilical; RLQ Mcburney's point; low grade fever |
| gold standard diagnostic for appendicitis | CT |
| diverticulitis nursing intervention | maintain NPO, nasogastric tube |
| peptic ulcer disease | PPI administration, endoscopy preparation, aspirin administration; avoid NSAID |
| SLE treatment | prednisone, ibuprofen, methotrexate; anti inflammatory and NSAID |
| highest priority after ileostomy | maintain fluid and electrolyte balance |
| manifestations of urinary tract infection | fever, agitation, urinary frequency |
| risk factor for gastritis | use of NSAID, H pylori |
Created by:
ahommel
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