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Integumentary Sys HB
Integumentary System HB
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 2 types of sudoriferous glands? | 1) eccrine 2) apocrine |
| What is a sudoriferous gland? | sweat gland |
| eccrine gland | merocrine sweat glands that are abundant and often found on the palms, soles of feet, and the forehead |
| apocrine gland | sweat glands found almost exclusively in the armpit and genital areas |
| What is sweat composed of? | 99% water with trace amounts of salts, vitamins, wastes, and an antimicrobial peptide called dermcidin |
| Is sweat acidic or basic? | acidic |
| sebum | oil |
| sebaceous glands | produce oil |
| What is the function function of sebaceous glands? | lubricates skin and hair and kills bacteria |
| What are the functions of the skin? | -protection from water, air, infection, chemicals, UV radiation, and sensations -Temperature regulation -excretion -production of vitamin D |
| Layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep | -stratum corneum -stratum granulosum -stratum spinosum -stratum basale |
| What type of epithelial tissue is the epidermis made of? | stratified squamous |
| Stratum corneum | -layer of dead cells, thick, keratinized -protects deeper layers -sheds |
| stratum lucidum | -thin layer of translucent cells found only in thick skin (palms and feet) |
| stratum granulosum | -cells begin to flatten -keratin accumulates (water proofing) |
| stratum spinosum | thick, irregular layer of cells -contain pre-keratin filaments |
| stratum basale | constantly dividing and pushing cells up into the next layer |
| Where are melanocytes found? | bottom two layers of the epidermis |
| What do melanocytes produce? | pigment called melanin |
| What does melanin protect against? | UV radiation |
| When UV radiation mutates a skin cell's DNA, the cells begin to divide uncontrollably | skin cancer |
| Melanoma | uncontrolled division of melanocytes |
| basal cell carcinoma | uncontrolled division in stratum Basale layer |
| squamous cell carcinoma | uncontrolled division in stratum spinosum layer |
| dermal papillae | boundary between the epidermis and the dermis that causes fingerprints (epidermal ridges) |
| dermis | layer of dense irregular connective tissue that binds the epidermis to underlying structures |
| What are the two layers of the dermis? | 1)papillary layer 2) reticular layer |
| Why are lines of cleavage important for surgeons? | If cuts are made along the lines of cleavage, they will heal more quickly and have fewer scars. |
| Why do blood vessels in the dermis swell when hot or during excercise? | to allow heat to dissipate, cooling the body |
| Another name for the hypodermis | subcutaneous layer |
| What is the hypodermis composed of? | loose, fatty connective tissue that connects the skin to muscle or bone |
| keratin | a fibrous protein produced as epidermal cells migrate towards the surface |
| hair shaft | part of the hair that sticks out of the skin |
| hair folicle | produce hairs; they are rooted in the dermis and extend through the epidermis to protrude from the skin |
| hair bulb | the base of each hair follicle, which is wrapped by sensory nerve endings |
| arrector pili | a tiny smooth muscle attached to each hair follicle that cause the hairs to stand on end when we're frightened or cold |
| What are the 4 parts of a nail? | 1) free edge 2) body 3) root 4) nail bed |
| Which two parts of the nail are not visible? | free edge and body |
| Which two parts of the nail are visible? | root and nail bed |
| How is the nail protected? | by nail folds |
| lunula | "little moon" is whiter due to the thickness of the nail |
| eponychium | provides a protective seal for the nail matrix |
Created by:
LFeldmann
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