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Honors Bio Unit One
review for honors biology unit one test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are organic compounds? | large molecules made of carbon and hydrogen; found in living things |
| What is carbon good for? | good building block for organic compounds because it can bond to four other elements |
| What is a polymer? | large molecule made of many monomers |
| What is a monomer? | building block of polymers |
| What is dehydration synthesis? | joining monomers to build a polymer by releasing water |
| What is hydrolysis? | breaks polymers into monomers by adding water |
| What are the four types of organic polymers? | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| What is the atomic makeup of carbohydrates? | CHO (1:2:1 ratio) |
| What are the monomers of carbohydrates? | monosaccharides |
| Some examples of monosaccharides are... | glucose, fructose |
| What is a polysaccharide? | many monosaccharides joined together |
| What is a starch? | polysaccharide stored in plants; storage form of glucose in plants |
| What is cellulose? | carbohydrate (polysaccharide) found in cell walls; fiber |
| What is glycogen? | polysaccharide stored in animal cells that consists of many glucose monomers |
| What is the function of carbohydrates? | short term energy |
| What is the atomic makeup of a lipid? | CHO (lots of h, little o) |
| What are the monomers of lipids? | glycerol & fatty acids |
| What are examples of lipids? | fats, oils, phospholipids, waxes & steroids |
| What is a saturated fat? | lipid that is solid at room temperature - only single bonds + max number of hydrogens - mainly from animal fats |
| What is an unsaturated fat? | lipid that is liquid at room temperature - some double bonds - mainly from plant oils |
| What are the functions of lipids? | long term energy storage - insulation - waterproofing - cell membrane component |
| What is the atomic makeup of proteins? | CHON (sometimes S) |
| What are the monomers of proteins? | amino acids |
| What is a peptide bond? | type of covalent bond that holds amino acids together in a protein |
| What is a polypeptide? | chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds |
| What are the functions of proteins? | build body structures - control body functions |
| What are enzymes? | proteins that speed up chemical reactions |
| What are the monomers of nucleic acids? | nucleotides |
| What do nucleotides contain? | 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate group |
| What are examples of nucleic acids? | dna & rna |
| What is the atomic makeup of nucleic acids? | CHONP |
| What is the function of a nucleic acid? | stores genetic information in form of a code |
| How many amino acids are there? | 20 |
| What is denaturation? | change in normal shape of a protein due to heat, pH, or salt concentration |
| What do sugars do? | provide immediate energy |
| What do starches do? | provide 12-24 hours of energy |
| Examples of carbohydrates: | pasta, bread, soda, candy, fruit |
| Examples of lipids: | oils, meat fats |
| Examples of proteins: | steak, chicken, eggs |
Created by:
20kcaw08
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