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Viruses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| attenuated | Referring to the reduced ability of a bacterium or virus to damage to the exposed individual; living but weakened viruses used in vaccines |
| bacteriophage | a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea |
| capsid | The protein coat that encloses the genome of a virus |
| capsomere | the protein subunit of a capsid |
| envelope | phospholipids from the host cell membrane that surround the capsid of many types of viruses |
| genome | the complete set of genes in a virus or organism |
| helical capsid | a helix of capsomers forming a cylindrical capsid |
| icosahedral capsid | a symmetrical capsid composed of 20 triangular faces and 12 points |
| nonenveloped virus; naked virus | a virus consisting of only the viral genome and capsid |
| nucleocapsid | the combination of genome and capsid of a virus |
| oncogenic | promotes cancerous growth |
| penetration | referring to the entry of a virus and its uncoating in a host cell during replication |
| prion | an infectious, self-replicating protein involved in human and animal disease of the brain |
| provirus | the viral DNA that has integrated into a eukayotic host chromosome and is then passed on from one generation to the next through cell division |
| reverse transcriptase | an enzyme that synthesizes a DNA molecule from the code supplied by an RNA molecule |
| spike protein | a protein projecting from the viral envelope or capsid that aids in attachment and penetration of a host cell |
| viroid | an infectious circular ssRNA that infects plant cells |
| virus | an infectious agent consisting of DNA or RNA and surrounded by a protein sheath; n some cases, a membranous envelope surrounds the coat |
| zoonotic disease | a disease spread from another animal to humans |
| obligate intracellular parasite | a thing that is required to live inside a host cell, e.g. a virus |
| virion | a complete virus particle in its extracellular phase |
| complex structure | a virus composed of many shapes; atypical shape |
| segmented | a genome with nucleic acid in more than one piece |
| host cell | a cell infected by a virus |
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease | a prion disease in humans |
| scrapie | a prion disease in sheep |
| chronic wasting disease | a prion disease in deer |
| host range | organisms that a virus is able to infect |
| tissue tropism | viral infection of only certain cell or tissue types within a host |
| immune response | The processes the immune system uses to fight pathogens. Includes two main parts: the innate and adaptive immune responses, and involves many cells and organs. |
| immune system | A group of organs, tissues, cells and molecules that protect the body from pathogens. |
| pathogen | A virus or microbe (bacteria, fungi or protist) that causes disease. |
| vaccine | A substance that triggers an immune response against a pathogen without causing an infection. |
| lysis | to break apart; some viruses are released by cell lysis - when the cell breaks apart |
| lysogenic cycle | bacteriophage nucleic acid integrates in the genome of the prokaryotic cell it infects |
| retrovirus | a ssRNA virus that integrates into host genome |
Created by:
onceamustang
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