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Micro Exam 2
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| inhibits conversion of UDP-NAG to UDP-NAM by blocking pyruvyl transferase | Phosphonomycin |
| inhibits activity of enzymes that add alanines to peptide side-chain | Cycloserine |
| blocks secretion of NAG and NAM from cytoplasm by binding to the lipid carrier bactoprenol and preventing its dephosphorylation | Bacitracin |
| binds to terminal D-ala-D-ala chains on NAM peptides preventing transglycosylation and transpeptidation | vancomycin |
| inhibit the transpeptidation reaction that cross-links the peptide side-chains of polysac-peptidoglycan backbone | beta-lactams |
| penicillins | beta-lactam |
| cephalosporins | beta-lactam |
| carbapenems | beta-lactam |
| monobactams | beta-lactam |
| inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes causing a change in 30S shape leading to misreading of mRNA | animoglycosides (streptomycin and gentamicin) |
| bind to 30S subunit at the tRNA docking site (A site) | tetracyclines |
| blocks enzymatic site of 50S subunit preventing formation of peptide bonds between animo acids | chloramphenicol |
| bind to 50S subunit preventing movement of ribosome from one codon to the next | lincosamides, streptogramins, macrolides |
| selectively bind to the bacterial tRNA that carries leucine thereby preventing the incorporation of isoleucine into polypeptides | mupirocin |
| block formation of a stable 70S initiation complex thereby preventing translation | oxazolidinones (linezolid) |
| short polypeptide that forms pores across cytoplasmic membrane, damaging its integrity | gramicidin |
| destroys cytoplasmic membranes of susceptible cells; effective against gram negative bacteria; toxic to human kidneys | polymyxin |
| interferes with synthesis of folic acid in bacteria | dapsone |
| PABA analogs that bind to enzyme that produces dihydrofolic acid in bacteria | sulfonamides |
| binds to enzyme that converts dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid in bacteria | trimethoprim |
| synthetic agents that inhibit DNA gyrase (enzyme necessary for proper coiling and uncoiling of replicating bacterial DNA) | fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) |
| anaerobic bacteria reduce this drug molecule and generate toxic free radicals which damage DNA leading to cell death | nitroimidazoles (metronidazole) |
| prevents the formation of mycolic acid (important for cell wall of Mycobacteria) | ethambutol |
| blocks the gene for an enzyme that forms mycolic acid in mycobacteria | isoniazid |
| disrupts membrane transport and prevents the bacteria from repairing damaged proteins in mycobacteria | pyrazinamide |
| binds to DNA of Mycobaterium leprae, preventing replication and transcription | clofazimine |
| bind to bacterial RNA polymerase, preventing transcription of RNA in mycobacteria | rifamycin |
| complementary to mRNA; binding prevents protein synthesis by blocking ribosomes (antiviral); antisense nucleic acid drug | fomiversen |
| neutralizes acidic environment of phagolysosomes necessary for viral uncoating | arildone, amantidine, rimantadine |
| blocks the active site of protease required by HIV near the end of its replication cycle; viral protein inhibition | protease inhibitors |
| virally encoded kinase enzyme activates these drugs; inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis | acyclovir and ribavirin |
| cell-coded kinase enzyme activates this drug; inhibits DNA synthesis (antiviral) | adenosine arabinoside |
| cell-coded kinase enzyme activates this drug; inhibits DNA synthesis; reverse transcriptase inhibitors; used to treat HIV | azidothymidine |
| blocks attachment molecule on cell host (antiviral) | pleconaril |
| prevents influenza virus from attaching to cells | neuraminidase inhibtors (zanamivir) |
| inhibits synthesis of glucan subunit of fungal cell wall | echinocandins |
| binds with molecules of ergosterol, forming a pore through the fungal membrane, leading to leakage of cytoplasmic contents | polyenes (Amphotericin B and Nystatin) |
| inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol (antifungal) | azoles (flucanazole) |
| inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol (antifungal) | allylamines (terbinafine) |
| a fungal enzyme converts this drug into 5-fluorouracil, an analog of uracil that inhibits RNA function | 5-fluorocytosine |
| inhibit microtubule formation and glucose uptake in helminths | benzimidazole |
| increase cell membrane permeability in helminths | praziquantel and ivermectin |
| interrupts electron transport chain in protozoa | atovaquone |
| inhibit microtubule formation and glucose uptake in protozoa | benzimidazole |
| blocks carbohydrate metabolism pathway in protozoa | furazolidone |
| blocks second step in folic acid biosynthetic pathway in protozoa | proguanil and pyrimethamine |
| PABA analogs that bind to enzyme that produces dihydrofolic acid in protozoa | sulfonamides |
| binds to enzyme that converts dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid in protozoa | trimethoprim |
| anaerobic conditions reduce this drug molecule and generate toxic free radicals which damage DNA leading to cell death in protozoa | nitroimidazole |
| binds to nucleic acids, inhibiting replication, transcription, and translation in protozoa | pentamidine |
| unknown mechanism (antiprotist) | quinolones (chloroquine) |
Created by:
sasha.bog
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