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Organic Molecules
Dual Credit Biology - Organic Molecules, Cells & Viruses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What elements are in protein | CHON |
| What is the monomer of protein? What is the structure of this monomer? | |
| What is the polymer of proteins? | |
| What type of bonds are formed when monomers of proteins are joined together? | |
| What is the primary structure of proteins and what bonds hold it together? | Amino Acid Chain |
| What is the secondary structure of proteins and what bonds hold it together? | Alpha helix or Beta pleated sheet |
| What is the tertiary structure of proteins and what bonds hold it together? | The final shape |
| What is the quaternary structure of proteins and what bonds hold it together? | Several tertiary structures put together into a functional unit. |
| What are the functions of proteins | |
| What is a denatured protein? | A protein taken out of it’s final structure. |
| What are something’s that can cause a protein to denature? | pH, extreme temperature |
| What is an enzyme? | Proteins that speed up reactions to make sure they happen at a rate fast enough to keep up with the human body. |
| How do enzymes act as a catalyst? | By accelerating chemical reactions. |
| Describe the function of competitive inhibition | Something (not technically supposed to be there) taking the place of a substrate in an enzyme so that the substrate cannot bind. Think clear caps and colored caps in the lab. |
| Describe the function of allosteric regulation | Changing shape of the active site of an enzyme so a substrate cannot bind and a reaction cannot occur. |
| Describe the function of cofactors | A metal or organic molecule that assists and enhances enzyme activity |
| Describe the function of coenzymes | A substance that assists and enhances enzyme activity |
| How does substrate concentration effect enzyme activity? | Initially it’s increased then it evens out |
| How does temperature effect enzyme activity? | Low temp - low activity High temp - high activity Too high of temp - low activity |
| How does pH effect enzyme activity? | In range - normal rate Our of range (too high or low) - low rate |
| What elements are in lipids? | CHO |
| Does lipid have a true monomer? | No true monomer - glycerol and fatty acids |
| What three types of lipids are the most important in cells? | Triglyceride, Phospholipids, Steroids |
| What is the function and structure of triglycerides? | Long term energy storage, protection, insulation |
| What is the function and structure of phospholipids? | Cell membranes hydrophilic, polar head & hydrophobic, non-polar tail |
| What is the function and structure of steroids? | Chemical signals, cholesterol 4 rings |
| What type of bond is formed between lipids? | Ester linkage |
| What effects lipid fluidity? | |
| How are phospholipids arranged in plasma membranes? | Hydrophilic (polar) heads Hydrophobic (no polar) tails |
| What determines how phospholipids are oriented? | Polar head and non-polar tail. Polar head likes water and is on the outside. Non-polar tail doesn’t like water and is on the inside. |
| What effects plasma membrane permeability? | Length of tails, saturation or unsaturation, temperature, cholesterol |
| What can move freely across plasma membranes? What cannot move freely across the plasma membrane? | Freely - small non charged molecules Non Freely - large and in charge molecules |
| What elements are in carbohydrates? What is the ratio of these elements in carbohydrates? | CHO 1:2:1 |
| What is the monomer of carbohydrates? | Monosaccharides |
| What are the polymers of carbohydrates? | Polysaccharides |
| What are the functions of carbohydrates? | |
| What type of bond is formed when monomers of carbohydrates are joined together? | |
| What's the difference between a-glucose and b-glucose? | |
| What are the structural differenced between starch, glycogen and cellulose? | |
| Which of those can be digested by humans? Why? | |
| How are carbohydrates integrated into plasma membranes | |
| What are lysosomes? | Digestive enzymes |
| Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic | Prokaryotic - no nucleus Eukaryotic - nucleus |
| Are there more prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms? | By far prokaryotic |
Created by:
Chloesims77
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