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Unit 05 23-24
The Solar System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Inner Planets | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars |
| Inner Planets (Characteristics) | Closer together, Terrestrial, rocky, More dense, Smaller, Shorter revolution |
| Outer Planets | Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus |
| Outer Planets Characteristics) | Farther apart, Made up mostly of gas, Less dense, Larger, Longer revolution |
| Gravity | a force that pulls objects toward each other. The greater the mass of an object, the more gravitational force. |
| The Sun’s gravity i | force that governs all planetary movement in the solar system |
| revolve | Planets orbit counter-clockwise around the Sun |
| rotate | All planets spin on their axis counter-clockwise (except for Venus and Uranus). |
| elliptical | The planets’ orbits are shaped this way, it is not quite circular, not quite oval. |
| Mercury | Closest planet to the sun, Smallest planet in solar system, 2nd hottest planet, No atmosphere, Revolution takes 88 Earth days, Craters |
| Venus | 2nd closest planet to the Sun, “Sister” to Earth in size, Thick atmosphere, Hottest planet because of Greenhouse Effect, Revolution 225 Earth days, making its “day” (243 Earth days) longer than its year |
| Earth | Our home, Made of 2/3 water, Only planet known to support life, Has a magnetosphere which deflects harmful electromagnetic rays from the Sun, Revolution every 365 1/4 Earth days |
| Mars | The “red planet”, Grand Canyon of Mars dwarfs Earth’s Grand Canyon, Largest dust storms, Unmanned rovers currently exploring Mars, Revolution 687 Earth days |
| Jupiter | Largest planet, Great Red Spot can fit 2 Earth’s inside it, Galileo discovered many of Jupiter’s moons, Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system. Revolution 12 Earth years |
| Saturn | Many rings made of dust and ice, Low density (could float in a bathtub if one were big enough), Revolution 29 Earth years |
| Uranus | Axis is sideways and rotates north and south, Thirteen sets of rings, some partial, Voyager 2 passed by, Revolution 84 Earth years |
| Neptune | Smaller than Uranus but with greater mass, Has a Great Dark Spot similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot, Voyager 2 passed by it in 1989, Revolution 165 Earth years |
| Io | Galilean Moon, Innermost moon to Jupiter, Highest density, Driest and most geologically active object in the solar system |
| Europa | Smallest of Galilean Moons, Smoothest surface of any known solid object in the solar system |
| Callisto | Galilean Moon, Almost as big as Mercury, Same hemisphere always faces Jupiter, Heavily cratered |
| Ganymede | Galilean Moon, Largest moon in the solar system (8% larger than Mercury), Underground ocean and magnetic field, First observed by Galileo in 1610 |
| Asteroids | A rocky mass that orbits the sun, Range in size from nearly 600 miles across to dust particles |
| Meteoroid | A general term for a small particle from a comet or asteroid orbiting the Sun. |
| Meteor | burns and vaporizes upon entry into the Earth's atmosphere, commonly called a shooting star. The light emitted is created by friction between the meteoroid and the atmosphere. |
| Meteorite | A meteoroid that survives its passage through the Earth's atmosphere and lands on the Earth's surface |
| Crater | A bowl-shaped depression with a raised rim, formed by the impact of a meteorite. |
| Comets | A celestial object made of ice and dust that orbits the Sun |
| Oort Cloud | Longer period comets originate here in a region of the solar system far beyond the orbit of the dwarf planet, Pluto. Here, billions of comets move in nearly circular orbits around the Sun rather than in the elliptical plane of our planets |
| Kuiper Belt | Another belt in the Solar System (besides the Asteroid Belt) that lies out past the orbit of Neptune. Shorter period comets originate here. This belt has millions of icy comets which circle the Sun in the same plane as our planets. |
| mass | the amount of matter an object has |
| weight | a measure of the gravitational pull on that object |
| axis | The Earth appears to rotate on an invisible line, which goes from the North Pole to the South Pole. |
| orbit | An objects path around another object |
| the sun | star is the center of our solar system |
| Goldilocks Zone | the position in the solar system where planets get the right amount of heat and light for liquid water to exist |
| astronomy | The study of outer space |
| Light/Temperature | Two conditions required for life to exist on a planet. |
| Atmosphere | The gaseous layer that surrounds the Earth |
| List 4 functions of the atmosphere. | Gives us oxygen; maintains the temperature of the surface Earth; prevents harmful radiation from reaching us; carbon dioxide |
| Habitable Zone | the region around a star in which liquid water can support and advance life |
| What makes Earth just right | ideal size, good amount of water, chemical composition; gravitational interactions between earth and moon; plate tectonics |
| List the planets in order | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune |
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