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GI Disfunctions

Gastro intestinal dysfunctions

EtiologyManifestations
Dysphagia Difficulty Swallowing, narrow esophagus, and low salivary secretion neuromuscular or structural Choking
Hiatal Hernia Protrusion of stomach through esophagus and diaphragm age, coughing, obesity, heavy lifting. if large: heartburn dysphagia, regurgitation of stomach contents. and Barrett's esophagus
GERD symptoms or damage produced by the backflow into esophagus weak lower esophageal sphincter. heartburn, dysphagia, and Barret's esophagus
Acute Gastritis inflammation of gastric lining NSAIDs, alcohols, bacteria, and stress. Nausea, anorexia
Chronic Gastritis Metaplasia of the gastric lining H.pylori, autoimmune, Chrons disease, HIV, and surgery anorexia, nausea, and pain.
Peptic Ulcer Disease Ulcers in the stomach or small intestine. H.pylori, NSAIDs, alcohol, stress, and age. pain, anorexia, nausea.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Disorder affecting the large intestine unknown abdominal pain, incomplete BMs, etc
Ulcerative Colitis inflammation that begins in the rectum and spreads to colon. unknown diarrhea, stool with blood or mucus, cramps.
Chron Disease inflammation of linings, spread using skip lesions, can extend through bowel wall unknown malabsorption of nutrients, diarrhea, stool with blood or mucus, cramps.
Diverticular Disease small bulging pouches in colon that can become enflamed diverticulosis becomes infected and inflames fever, vomiting, pain, high WBC
Appendicitis Inflammation of the appendix (like stagnant water) obstruction using stool, tumors, gallstones, parasites, or lymphatic tissue. pain, nausea, fever, rebound tenderness.
Cholelithiasis stones formed by impaired metabolism of cholesterol, bilirubin, or bile acids. obesity, age, female, weight loss, or native blood asymptomatic
Cholecystitis inflammation of gallbladder or cystic duct. lodged gall stone pain, fever, leukocytosis, and rebound tenderness
Pancreatitis prematurely activated pancreatic enzymes causes acute or chronic inflammation. gallstones, alcohol pain, fever, nausea.
Barret's Esophagus the esophageal lining becomes replaced with gastric cells caused by prolonged GERD Gerd symptoms
Ascites accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity (3rd space) liver disease edema, weight gain, low respiratory, anorexia
Portal Hypertension high blood pressure in portal vein chirrhosis hepatic encephalopathy, splenomegaly, ascites, esophageal varices, caput medusa, hemorrhoids
Cirrhosis scarring of the liver leading to liver failure hepatitis, alcohol, drugs, bile obstruction jaundice, portal hypertension. edema, gynecomastia,
NA fatty liver disease improper fat breakdown an stay in liver cells metabolic problems pain, cirrhosis, fatigue.
Alcoholic fatty liver disease fat accumulates in liver because of impairment of hepatocytes and metabolism acetaldehyde, alcohol asymptomatic (reversible)
Jaundice bilirubin is spread throughout the blood stream liver disease, RBC death, no bile flow yellow skin, yellow skin/eyes, dark urine, dark stool.
Hepatitis a fecal-oral fever, enlarged liver, bilirubin rises, high liver enzymes
Hepatitis b blood, semen, vaginal. fever, enlarged liver, bilirubin rises, high liver enzymes
Hepatitis c Blood usually asymptomatic
alcoholic hepatitis inflammation and necrosis of liver cells alcohol abuse anorexia, nausea, fever, pain, and fatigue. (somewhat reversible)
alcoholic cirrhosis necrosis of liver alcohol abuse irreversible damage to the liver
Created by: loavpoav
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