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PubPol Midterm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Differences | Ways in which various subpopulations differ from each other. |
| Disparities | Differences in outcomes that exist because of factors outside of individuals and their preferences. |
| Inequalities | Differences in outcomes that are deemed as unfair or unjust because they are not equal/same. |
| Inequities | Differences in inputs and outcomes are deemed as unfair or unjust because of disparities in access to resources and differential treatment. |
| First order | It is the fault of a person on an individual level. |
| Second order | It is the fault of an institution/system. |
| Structured chance | Ways in which social systems and macro forces structure advantage and disadvantage, opportunity and barriers. |
| Equality | Each individual, group of people, or community achieves the same positive outcomes valued by society. |
| Equity | Recognizes that individuals, groups, and communities have different circumstances and allocates/upholds the resources, opportunities, and experiences given to each that are needed to achieve equal outcomes. |
| Race | Social construct used to classify humans based on phenotype (set of observable physical characteristics). |
| Ethnicity | Social construct used to classify humans based on shared cultural, language, religion, or other social (not biological) characteristics. |
| Technological progress | Making new discoveries. |
| Technology adoption | Spreading known technologies. |
| Key barriers and market failures in technology adoption | Behavioral biases, impaired information, financial constraints, externalities |
| Key barriers and market failures in credit markets | Moral hazard, adverse selection, asymmetric information |
| 5 principles of the White House Blueprint for an AL Bill of Rights | Save and effective systems; algorithmic discrimination protections; data privacy; notice and explanation; human alternatives, consideration, fallback |