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Bio Test 2 pt1

Bio Test

TermDefinition
Biomolecules Molecules produced by a living organism.
Lipids Organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
Carbohydrates Sugar molecules
Proteins Large complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body.
Nucleic Acids Complex organic substances present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA.
Monomers The subunits of polymers.
Polymers Molecular chains formed from smaller subunits through polymerization.
Dehydration Synthesis Water leaves reactants and becomes a product, creates a more complex thing.
Hydrolysis Opposite of Dehydration Synthesis, reintroduces water in order to break down polymers.
Nucleotides The monomers of DNA, made up of 3 different parts phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base. Also 4 different nucleotides, Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.
Phosphate The circular part of a nucleotide
Sugar (deoxyribose) The core part of a nucleotide
Nitrogenous Base The side of a nucleotide
Purine Double ringed bases, Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidine Single ringed bases, Thymine and Cytosine.
Adenine Double ringed nitrogenous base, complimentary to Thymine. A purine.
Thymine Single ringed nitrogenous base, complimentary to Adenine. A pyrimidine.
Cytosine Single ringed nitrogenous base, complimentary to Guanine. A pyramidine.
Guanine Double ringed nitrogenous base, complimentary to Cytosine. A purine.
DNA Hereditary Material, set of instructions to tell cells how to make things. A polymer made up of nucleotides. Double stranded and anti-parrallel.
Phosphate-sugar backbone Portion of DNA that provides structural support to the molecule
Covalent bond Within each linear strand and strongly bond the bases, sugars, and phosphate groups
Hydrogen bond Between the two strands and involve a base from one strand with a base from the second complimentary pairing.
Double Helix The structure of DNA
Genetic Code ATGC and the codons
Base Pair Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine
Complementary Pairing (Chargaff's Rule) A - T C - G
3' Bottom side
5' Top side
Chromosome Thread like structure and complex network of protein and DNA.
Centromere Central part of a chromosome.
Telomere The ends of a chromosome.
Banding Pattern A key feature used to read chromosomes, results from the darker and lighter spots when dyed.
Heterochromatin (silent) Chromatin - DNA + histone ( DNA is spooled around the histone) heterochromatin - inactive and not read.
Euchromatin (active) Chromatin - DNA spooled around the histone Euchromatin - active and read, loosely packed.
n (number of chromosomes) Number of chromosomes - 46 is normal
2n (number of chromosome pairs) Number of pairs of chromosomes - 23 is normal
p arm P arm is the short arm, you can identify where the genes are based on chromosome # and arm postition.
q arm Q arm is the long arm, you can identify where the genes are based on chromosome # and arm position.
Karyotype The picture of a persons chromosomes
Trisomy When a person has an extra copy of one of their chromosomes.
XX/XY A persons sex chromosomes
Genes Code for functional products
Introns Segments of DNA or RNA molecules that don't code for proteins and interrupt the sequence of genes.
Exons A region of the genome that ends up within an mRNA molecule
Genome The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism
Coding DNA Has genes that encode for protein
Non-Coding DNA Located within protein coding genes but are removed before a protein is made.
Genetic Modification Changing surroundings to trick genes and speed up or slow down changes.
Created by: chloesrice
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