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Chapter 26 Fluids
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| chemical compounds that dissociate in water into ions ( can carry electric current) | electrolytes |
| chemicals that do not dissociate in water into ions | nonelectrolytes |
| measure of # charges in solution | milliequivalents/liter (mEq/L) |
| What is the mEq/L of a 140 mM NaCl solution? | 140 mM NaCl -----> Na + Cl- 140 mM Na x1 = 140 mEq/L Na 140 mM Cl- x -1 = -140 mEq/L Cl |
| What is the mEq/L of a 5 mM Ca(2+) solution? | 5 mM Ca (2+) x 2 = 10 mEq/L Ca (2+) |
| What is the mEq/L of a 100 mM CaCl2 solution? | CaCl2 --------> Ca2 + 2Cl- 100 mM Ca2 x 2 = 200 mEq/L Ca2 100 mM (2Cl x -1 = -200 mEq/L Cl- |
| water can move from compartment to compartment. attempts to maintain homeostasis (osmolarity and volume) | fluid movements |
| water loss from one compartment draws water from other compartments to _______. | replace |
| driving force. responds to small change (2-3%) in bld plasma osmality | thirst mechanism |
| unavoidable outputs of water. at least 200 mL/day via urine | obligatory water loss |
| loss of water. ex) sweating, diuretic abuse | dehydration |
| loss of water and Na+; osmolarity same. ex) hemorrhage, prolonged vom or diarrhea. severe burns | volume depletion |
| overydrytion. too much water. | hypotonic hydration |
| accumulation of fluid in interstitial space (ECF) | edema |
| central electrolyte. the major cation of ECF. primary role in controlling ECF volume and water distribution in the body. | Na+ |
| aldosterone, baroreceptors regulate _________ balance. | Na+ |
| incr Na+ reabsorption from DCT, coll. duct. also incr K+ secretion from collecting duct | aldosterone |
| incr bld volume/pressure and incr Na+ and water in urine. decr bld volume/pressure and decr Na+ and water in urine. | cardiovascular baroreceptors |
| hormone from heart atria in response to stretch. causes more Na+ (and hence, water) to remain in urine. | atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) |
| hormone enhances Na+ (and water) reabsorption by renal tubules. | estrogen |
| major cation of ICF. very strongly influences membrane resting potential. | K+ |
| when ECF K+ is _________... more K+ moves into principal cells of cortical collecting duct. more secreted into filtrate. | high |
| when ECF K+ is _________... less K+ moves into principal cells of cortical collecting duct. less secreted into filtrate. | less |
| enhances K+ secretion while enhancing Na+ reabsorption | aldosterone influence |
| completely dissociate in water | strong acid |
| incomplete dissociation in water | weak acid |
| arterial blood has a pH of | 7.4 |
| interstitial fluid and venous bld has a pH of | 7.35 |
Created by:
depczydo
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