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Histology
lab 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is A in sections of a tube | longitudinal |
| What is B in sections of a tube | tangential |
| What is F in sections of a tube | transvers/cross |
| Structures that were not originally present in living tissue formation | Artefacts |
| reasoning for artefact | Poor tissue prep |
| reasoning for artefact | improper fixation |
| reasoning for artefact | type of fixation (issue) |
| reasoning for artefact | poor dehydration |
| What is A in longitudinal section of round object | Midline |
| What is B in longitudinal section of round object | Peripheral |
| What is C in longitudinal section of round object | Tangential |
| What is D in Transverse section of round object | Midline |
| What is E in Transverse section of round object | Peripheral |
| What is F in Transverse section of round object | Tangential |
| What is C in sections of a tube | oblique |
| What is D, E in sections of a tube | transvers/cross |
| reasoning for artefact | improper reagents |
| reasoning for artefact | contamination |
| reasoning for artefact | surgical procedure |
| reasoning for artefact | poor microtome sectioning |
| the shortness distances between two separated points in microscope field of view that can be distinguished as a distinct entities | Power of resolutions |
| power of the eyepiece (10x or 12.5x) multiplied by the power of the objective (4x, 10x, 20x, 40x, 60x, 100x) | magnification of the microscope |
| Universally used staining method for routine histo examination of tissue sections | Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining |
| What type and color does Hematox. stain | stains acidic molecules shades of blue |
| Name of structures that bind to Hematox. | Basophilic |
| What color does Eosin stain | Red, pink, orange |
| Names of structures that bind to Eosin | Eosinophilic or acidophilic |
| what does Hematox. stain | Colors nuclei of cell blue |
| What does Eosin stain | colors cytoplasm and other structure red/pink |
| steps in prep for histo. slides | Specimen collection, Fixing, processing, embedding, sectioning, staining, analysis |
| Specimen collection | Post mortem (necropsy) or direct extraction (biopsy) |
| Fixing is based on... | saving tissue as close to its living state as possible |
| Why fix tissues | so it will not change its volume/shape during processing to prepare tissue and leave in condition that allows clear staining sections |
| what does fixing prevent | autolysis and bacterial attack |
| types of fixing | acetic acid, formaldehyde (formaline), glutaraldehyde, ethanol, freezing with liquid nitrogen or methanol |
| factors effecting fixation | volume of tissue (recommended 1cmx1cmx1cm) ration of fixative to tissue ratio (10:1), temp, pH, penetration of fixative |
| processing | Dehydration then clearing |
| dehydration for processing | to remove fixative and water from the tissue and replace them w dehydrating fluid; dehydrate in graded ethanol series from lower to higher % of alc (70%, 80, 90, 96, 99.8%) |
| Clearing for processing | replacing dehydrating fluid w fluid that is miscible w both the dehydrating fluid and the embedding medium (XYLENE) |
| process by which specimen is surround by an embedding medium like paraffin wax | Embedding |
| paraffin solidifies and the specimen can be cut during sectioning | purpose of paraffin wax |
| to cut specimen into very thin sections for microscopic examination (3-5 mu m), very thin (1500 nanometers) | sectioning |
| Dewaxing, hydration, staining, dehydration | Staining |
| removing paraffin by Xylene | Dewaxing |
| in graded ethanol series, from high to low, (99.8%, 96, 90, 80, 70%) | hydration for staining |
| Mounting slides | Analysis |
| mounting medium places ontop of slide and covered by very thin coverslip | how to mount slides |