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322 Exam 2
322 Diuretics and Antihypertensives
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| thiazide diuretics | act on distal convoluted tubule, beyond loop of henle; promote sodium, chloride and water excretion and promotes calcium reabsorption, hyperglycemia |
| thiazide diuretics avoided | patients with severe renal disease |
| loop diuretics | depletes water and electrolytes; ascending loop of henle to inhibit chloride transport of sodium into circulation and inhibit passive reabsorption of sodium |
| osmotic diuretics use | increased intracranial pressure (cerebral edema), glaucoma, drug overdose and trauma |
| potassium sparing diuretics | act on collecting duct renal tubules and late distal tubule to promote sodium and water excretion and potassium retention |
| potassium sparing diuretics use | pulmonary edema, heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, hypokalemia |
| thiazide contraindications | renal and liver disease, digoxin |
| thiazide caution | if potassium levels are low, do not administer dose |
| diuretics | first line treatment for hypertension, decrease extracellular volume |
| loop diuretic | furosemide |
| beta adrenergic blocker | reduces cardiac output by diminishing the SNS response to decrease basal sympathetic tone, lowers BP and HR; reduce HR and contracility |
| non selective sympathetic blocker | propanolol, nadolol |
| cardio selective beta blocker, block beta1 | atenolol, metoprolol |
| centrally acting sympathetic blockers | reduced peripheral vascular resistance and increased vasodilation, methyldopa, clonidine and guanfacine |
| direct acting arteriolar vasodilators | relax smooth muscles of blood vessels, causing vasodilation, promote increased blood flow to brain and kidneys; sodium and water retained = edema |
| ACE inhibitors | inhibit conversion of angio I to II; causes a persistent dry cough |
| calcium channel blockers | promote vasodilation by blocking calcium channels; can cause flushing, headache and edema |
| modifiable hypertension risk factors | low sodium, exercise, avoid alcohol, stop smoking, decrease stress |
| angiotensin II blockers (ARB) | prevent release of aldosterone, decrease resistance; losartan, valsartan |
| renin inhibitors | decrease plasma renin |
Created by:
ahommel
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