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Biology 2023

Biology Unit 2 & 3A

Cell A sac of fluid that are reinforced by proteins and surrounded by membranes
Prokaryotic Cells Has no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic Cells Has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Anaerobic Respiration Does not require oxygen to function
Aerobic Respiration Requires oxygen to function
Endergonic Requires the input of energy to function
Exergonic A reaction that releases energy
Anabolic Reaction Builds molecules
Catabolic Reaction Breaks down molecules
ATP The primary energy source for cells
ADP This is ATP after it loses one of it phosphates due to it supplying energy to a process
Photosynthesis Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy ------> C6 + H12+O6+6O2
Cellular Respiration Equation C6 + H12+O6+6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP
Cellular Respiration A set of metabolic respirations and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert energy into ATP and then release waste products. TAKES PLACE IN THE MITOCHONDRIA
Asexual Reproduction The production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent
Sexual Reproduction involves the fusion of 2 separate parent cells
Cell Cycle A series of events during which a cell grows, prepares for division, and then divides to form 2 daughter cells
The Prokaryotic Cell Cycle Is a regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division
The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle consists of four stages: G1, S, G2 and M The length of each stage and length of the entire cycle depends on the type of cell The first three stages are known collectively as Interphase
Stage 1 G1- Cell Growth Most of the cells growing is done during this stage. Cells increase in size New proteins and organelles are synthesized.
Stage 2 DNA Replication S stands for synthesis The DNA is synthesized as the chromosomes are replicated. By the end of this stage, the cell contains twice as much DNA as it did at the beginning.
Stage 3 G2 Preparing for cell division. G2 is usually the shortest stage During this stage, many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced. When this is complete, the cell is ready to enter the M stage
Stage 4 - M stage cell division At the end of this stage, two daughter cells have been produced. The M stands for Mitosis The process of cell division takes place rather quickly when compared to interphase (stages 1, 2 and 3)
Stages of M Stage 1- Mitosis- the division of the cell nucleus Stage 2- cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.
Created by: nwalker16
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