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Solar System Vocab

About Solar stytem

TermDefinition
Constellations regions divided in the sky that help with navigation. They are considered the maps of the sky.
Electromagnetic Spectrum used to detect different ranges of wavelengths that objects in space emit.
Spectroscope: spreads light into different wavelengths and is used to see a star’s spectrum.
Spectrum The range of wavelengths that a star emits; the energy/composition/ brightness of a star
Light Year is the distance light travels in 1 year of time
Apparent magnitude is a measure of how bright the star appears from Earth.
Absolute magnitude: measures the stars luminosity, or its actual brightness.
Star a large ball of gas held together by gravity with a core so hot that nuclear fusion occurs.
Convection zone: where hot gas moves up towards the surface and cooler gas moves deeper into the interior. Light energy here moves quickly upward in the convection zone.
Radiative zone : a shell of cooler hydrogen above a star’s core.
Photosphere: the apparent surface of a star.
Chromosphere is the orange-red layer above the Photosphere.
Corona the wide, outermost layer of a star’s atmosphere.
Sunspots: regions of strong magnetic activity and are cooler than the rest of the photosphere so they appear as dark splotches on the Sun.
. Prominences and Flares are clouds of gas that make loops and jets extending into the corona and they begin at or just above the photosphere
Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) huge bubbles of gas ejected from the corona. These are much larger than flares. Material from CMEs can reach the Earth and cause radio blackouts or damage orbiting satellites.
The Solar Wind charged particles that continually stream away from the Sun. This passes through Earth and extends to the end of the Solar System. Earth’s magnetic field protects us, but the interaction of solar wind with our magnetic fields is what causes the Northern l
Galaxy: a huge collection of stars.
Dark matter Matter that emits no light at any wavelength (so not just visible light, but any known type of electromagnetic emission).
Spiral Galaxies: has spiral arms that begin at a central disk. Some spiral arms are long and symmetrical; others are short and stubby.
Elliptical Galaxies: elliptical galaxies do not have internal structure, contain old stars, and have little to no dust.
. Irregular galaxies: these are oddly shaped, contain a ton of new stars, and have much dust.
Clusters groups of galaxies held together by gravity
The Doppler Shift: how space stretches by measuring the speed at which galaxies move away from Earth. (The shift to a different wavelength)
Red Shifted- Galaxy is moving away.
Blue Shifted- Galaxy is moving towards.
Dark Energy the energy that pushes galaxies apart or away from each other.
Created by: Avery.Jones.29
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