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biol 151 glycolysis

cellular respiration q and a

QuestionAnswer
glycolysis formula glucose + 2 ATP --> 4 ATP, 2 NADH
glycolysis coupled reactions any time ATP is produced
what role does ATP and NADH play in glycolysis? they provide energy for the next part of the reaction reduced or phosphorylated to gain more electrons
what is substrate level phosphorylation? when substrates (what is being acted on) swap a phosphate between them, thereby transferring energy
how does glucose enter the cell? secondary active transport - coupled against a concentration gradient glucose transporter proteins (GLUT) - facilitated diffusion
why does glycolysis have so many steps? each step preps the molecule for the next reaction some store energy in a new molecule makes molecules more reactive
glycolysis regulated reactions 1. PFK is active when ADP is high, slow when ATP is high (feedback inhibition) 2. G3P --> 1,3Bis limited by oxygen 3. NAD levels are regulators
hexokinase role in glycolysis? phosphorylates 6-carbon sugars
why is the change from glucose to g6p significant? the additional phosphate adds a negative charge, trapping glucose in the cell
what is an isomer? same chemical makeup, different shape
what is the role of phosphofructokinase (PFK)? phosphorylates F6P into F1,6B to make it more unstable
DHAP and G3P are.... isomers
how much ATP is needed to make 2G3P? 2 molecules
LEO GER lose electon oxidize gain electron reduce
NAD is reduced into... NADH
substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis 1. 1,3Bis --> 3 phosphoglycerate, donating Pi to ADP to form ATP 2. PEP --> pyruvate takes out Pi and makes ATP
what is another name for an isomerase? mutase
when is water formed in glycolysis? enolase breaks down 2-phosphoglycerate into PEP, releasing water - dehydration reaction creates a phosphate bond
how is ATP generated? (substrate level phosphorylation) phosphate group is removed from a reactant in the pathway, free energy is used from that to add phosphate to ADP
irreversible reactions (checkpoints) hexokinase, PFK, pyruvate kinase
Created by: mcarson29
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