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BIO118 Unit 14
BIO118 Unit 14 Blood
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Blood Functions | Transport Oz and CO2 Regulate body pH Clotting mechanism Protection Regulate body temp |
| Percentage of RBCs is called | Hematocrit (HCT) or Packed cell volume (PCV) |
| Red blood cell function | Carry gases, and nutrients Can produce ATP through glycolysis |
| White blood cell function | Protect against disease and produce immunity |
| Platelet function | allow clotting |
| Hematopoiesis | formation of blood cells |
| Where are blood cells formed? | red bone marrow |
| Red blood cell lifespan | 120 days |
| Types of blood stem cells | Lymphoid, myeloid |
| Lymphoid stem cell function | create lymphocytes (T and B cells) |
| Myeloid stem cell function | create formed elements called Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets |
| Can red blood cells divide? | No |
| Medical term for white blood cell | Leukocyte |
| Medical term for hematopoietic stem cell | hemocytoblast (think B ((blast)) for Building = new) |
| Lack nuclei and mitochondria | RBC |
| RBC is 1/3: | Hemoglobin |
| Red blood cell count | number of RBCs in a cubic millimeter (mm3) or microliter (μL) of blood |
| Red blood cell count ranges for men, women, children | 4,700,000 – 6,100,000/μL in males, 4,200,000 – 5,400,000/μL in adult females, 4,500,000 – 5,100,000/μL in children |
| Erythropoiesis | RBC formation |
| Hemocytoblast → erythroblasts → reticulocytes → erythrocytes | Maturation of RBC |
| Dietary factors for blood production; | Vitamin B: DNA synthesis Folic Acid: DNA synthesis Iron: hemoglobin synthesis |
| 2 types of white blood cells | Agranulocytes and granulocytes |
| Granulocytes | Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils ("phil" the grains) |
| Leukopenia | Low WBC count |
| Leukocytosis | High WBC count |
| Normal white blood cell count | 3,500 – 10,500/mm3 (or μL) of blood |
| Neutrophils | Elevated during bacterial infections |
| Eosiniphils | Elevated in parasitic worm infestations and allergic reactions |
| Basophils | Stimulate inflammation and hemostasis |
| Agranular Leukocytes | monocytes, lymphocytes |
| Monocyte | Become macrophages and phagocytize substances, Phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, debris |
| Lymphocyte | Produces T cells and B cells are major types; both important in immunity |
| T cell | T cells directly attack pathogens, tumor cells |
| B cell | B cells produce antibodies |
| Platelets | Help in hemostasis (stoppage of bleeding) in damaged blood vessels, by sticking to broken surfaces Release serotonin, which causes smooth muscles in walls of broken blood vessels to contract |
| Plasma functions | Transports nutrients, gases, hormones, and vitamins Helps regulate fluid and electrolyte balance and maintain pH |
| Plasma nutrients | • Amino acids • Simple sugars • Nucleotides • Lipids: (fats, phospholipids, cholesterol) |
| Plasma proteins | Albumin: controls osmotic pressure Globulin: transport lipids, vitamins, and make up antibodies Fibrinogen: coagulation |
| Plasma appearance | clear, straw colored |
| • Sodium* • Potassium • Calcium • Magnesium • Chloride* • Bicarbonate • Phosphate • Sulfate • Sodium and chloride are most abundant electrolytes *moat abundant | Plasma electrolytes |
| Hemostasis is: | Stoppage of bleeding |
| Types of hemostasis | Blood vessel (vascular) spasm Platelet plug formation Blood coagulation |
| Vascular spasm | Small blood vessel is broken or cut. The smooth muscle in BV begins to contract rapidly, platelet plug is formed |
| Platelet plug formation | Triggered by exposure of platelets to collagen Platelets adhere to rough surface to form a plug |
| Blood coagulation | Most effective mechanism of hemostasis Form blood clot in a series of reactions, in which each step activates next one; this is called a cascade Fibrin traps blood cells |
| Thrombosis | unwanted blood clot in a vessel supplying a vital organ (brain, heart) |
| Infarction | Death of tissues which have blocked blood vessels due to blood clot formation |
| Embolism | Lodged clot that blocks a blood vessel in an organ (pulmonary embolism in lungs) |
| Atherosclerosis | Accumulation of fat in arterial linings can sometimes cause abnormal clot formation; a common form of thrombosis |
| Antigen | expressed on the cell surface. Determines the cell type. |
| Antibody | Natural defense mechanism designed to attack foreign antigens. |
| Agglutination | Clumping of RBC’s Occurs when you have been exposed to the wrong blood type |
| Rh factor | An extra antigen expressed on the surface of the RBC (Antigen D). • Rh+: have Rh antigen or Antigen D • Rh-: do not have the Rh antigen or Antigen D. |
| Rh factor donation | Donate Rh+: + Rh-: +, - Accept Rh+: +, - Rh-: - |
| How does the Rh factor affect pregnancy | 1st delivery fluids exchange, the mother fights it off but become sensitized to Rh+ antibodies. Anti-Rh antibodies develop after exposure. During the next pregnancy her body will attack fetus. Rh- mom must take RhoGAM to protect Rh+fetus |
| Blood composition (4) | WBCs, RBCs, plasma, platelets |
| Another name for platelets | Thrombocytes |
| Embolus | blood clot moving through the blood vessels |
| Organs where red blood cells are destroyed (2) | Liver Spleen |
| Factors which influence RBC count | Exercise (oxygen drops) High altitude Disease |
| Formed elements | Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets |
Created by:
kalanijade
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