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365 Exam 2
365 CH Lower GI
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| diarrhea | passage of at least 3 loose or liquid stools per day |
| etiology of diarrhea | virus is most common, Escherichia coli, clostridium difficile |
| diarrhea gastric acid susceptibility | PPI decrease stomach acid, organisms survive |
| diarrhea intestinal microflora susceptibility | microbial barrier is altered by antibiotics leading to overgrowth of bad things, wipe out normal flora |
| antidiarrheals | coat and protect mucous membranes, absorb irritating substance; decrease peristalsis and motility, decrease intestinal secretions |
| C diff treatment | oral vancomycin for 10 days; orally so it goes through the GI tract |
| interventions for diarrhea | hygiene, infection control precautions, potential dangers of infectious illness, proper food handling, cooking and storage |
| fecal incontinence | involuntary passage of stool |
| fecal impaction | straining weakens pelvic floor and liquid seeps around leads to a hard and stuck stool blocking passage |
| treating fecal incontinence | bowel training, high fiber diet and increased fluids, PT, stool management (dignicare) |
| constipation | fewer than three bowel movements weekly or hard, dry, small, difficult |
| perceived constipation | subjective problem in which the person's elimination pattern is not consistent with what he or she believes is normal |
| pharmacologic managment of constipation | laxatives, enemas, stool softeners |
| stool softeners | prevent valsava, does not affect peristalsis; use these with opioids |
| stimulants for constipation | oral - senna, suppository - bisacodyl |
| acute abdominal pain | nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, fever and fatigue, rebound tenderness, bloating |
| acute abdomen assessment | history of frequency, duration, timing , location |
| acute abdomen CBC | determines if infectious, inflammatory, bleeding |
| appendicitis | inflamed appendix most commonly caused by an obstruction of accumulated feces |
| appendicitis pain | mcburney's point, RLQ; anorexia, low grade fever due to inflammation, rebound tenderness, muscle guarding |
| appendix rupture | board like, rigid abdomen |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum |
| primary peritonitis | spontaneous bacterial |
| secondary peritonitis | ruptured organs; perforated bowel, appendicitis |
| peritonitis manifestations | abdominal pain, tenderness over area, muscular rigidity, spasm, fever and tachycardia |
| diagnostics for peritonitis | CBC (H&H may be concentrated) |
| crohn's disease | inflammation in any segment of the GI tract from mouth to anus |
| ulcerative colitis | inflammation limited to the colon |
Created by:
ahommel
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