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Unit 1b Bio Vocab
Macromolecules
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Atom | the basic unit of a chemical element |
| Molecular Formula | shows how many of each atom are present in a compound |
| Structural Formula | shows us the arrangement of atoms in a compound |
| Molecule | more than one atom bonded together |
| Compound | atoms of different types bonded together |
| Organic Molecule | a molecule that contains both carbon and hydrogen atoms |
| Inorganic molecule | molecule that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen |
| Monomer | one building block |
| Dimer | two building blocks bonded together |
| Polymer | three or more building blocks bonded together |
| Synthesis | bonding monomers together to make a polymer |
| Digestion | breaking polymers apart to make monomers |
| Carbohydrate | A macromolecule/polymer made of sugar monomers. Containsthe elements C, H, and O. |
| Protein | A macromolecule/polymer made of amino acid monomers. Contain the elements C, H, O, and N. |
| Lipid | A macromolecule/polymer made of a glycerol backbone attached to 3 fatty acids. Contain the elements C, H, and O. |
| Structure of a carbohydrate | ring shape (hexagon or pentagon) |
| Structure of a Lipid | glycerol backbone attached to 3 long hydrocarbon chains (fatty acids) |
| Structure of an Amino Acid | a central carbon atom bonded to four "partners," including a "side group" that differs among the 20 different kinds. |
| Monomer for Carbohydrates | glucose/simple sugars/monosaccharides |
| Monomer for Lipids | glycerol & 3 fatty acids |
| Foods that contain a lot of carbohydrates | pasta, bread, rice, candy, potatoes |
| Foods that contain a lot of fats | butter, oil, cheese |
| Foods that contain a lot of protein | eggs, meat, beans |
| Disaccharide | two sugars bonded together |
| Polysaccharide | three or more sugars bonded together, ex) starch, cellulose, glycogen |
| Starch | a polysaccharide; plants use it to store their extra sugar |
| Cellulose | a polysaccharide; plants use it to build their cell walls |
| Glycogen | a polysaccharide; animals use it to store their extra sugar |
| Polypeptide | three or more amino acids bonded together |
| Dipeptide | two amino acids bonded together |
| Simple Carbohydrates | monosaccharides and disaccharides; provide very short-term energy |
| Complex Carbohydrates | polysaccharides; provide longer-term energy than simple carbohydrates |
| Denature/Denaturation | When a protein loses its shape and can't do its job. |
| Word part: Mono | one |
| Word part: Di | two |
| Word part: Poly | many |
| Word Part: sacchar | sugar |
| Word Part: macro | big |
| Word Part: logy | study |
| Word Part: synth | make, build |
| Word Part: carbo- | carbon |
| Word Part: hydr | Water |
| Word Part: lip | fat |
| Word Part: Bio | life/living |
Created by:
nldenissoff
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