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chemistry vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Measurement | a quantitative description that includes both a number and a unit |
| scientific notation | an expression of a number in the form mx; where m is equal to or greater than 1 and less than 10, and n is a integer |
| accuracy | the closeness of a measurement to the true value of what is being measured |
| precision | describes the closeness or reproducibility of a set of measurements taken under the same conditions |
| error | the difference between the accepted value and the experimental value |
| accepted value | a quantity used by general agreement of the scientific community |
| experimental value | a quantitative value measured during an experiment |
| percent error | the percent that a measured value differs from the accepted value |
| significant figures | all the digits that can be known precisely in a measurement, plus a last estimated digit. |
| international system of units | the revised version of the metric system, adopted by international agreement in 1960. |
| meter | the base unit of length in SI |
| liter | the volume of a cube measuring 10 centimeters on each edge; it is common unprefixed unit of volume in the metric system |
| kilogram | the mass of 1L of water a t4 degrees Celsius; it is the based unit of mass in SI. |
| gram | a metric mass unit equal to the mass of 1 cm of water at 4 degrees Celsius |
| weight | a force that measures the pull of gravity on a given mass. |
| energy | the capacity for doing work or producing heat |
| joule | the SI unit of energy; 4.184 J equals one calorie |
| calorie | the quantity of heat that raises the temperature of 1g of pure water by 1 degree Celsius |
| temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in matter; temperature determines the direction of heat transfer. |
| Celsius scale | the temperature scale at which the freezing point of water is 0 degrees Celsius and the boiling point is 100 degrees Celsius |
| Kelvin scale | the temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 273K and the boiling point is 373K. |
| Absolute zero | the zero point on the Kelvin temperature scale equivalent to -273 degrees Celsius |
| Density | the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume; an intensive property that depends only on the composition of a substance, not of the size of the sample |
| dimensional analysis | a technique used for problem-solving that uses the units that are part of a measurement to help solve the problem. |
| Conversion factor | a ratio used to convert one unit to another. |
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